How active cruise works when. How does cruise control work on a manual transmission? What else can he do?
Many novice car enthusiasts ask the question: “What is cruise control in a car?” You could say this is an integral feature of a modern car. Without it, long trips would become a complete stress for the driver, and those with a “chronic uncontrollable need for speed” would spend all their money on speeding fines.
A little history
At the beginning of the twentieth century, only Germany could boast of the best roads in the world. Other countries had no choice but to take German road construction rules as a basis. In the United States, the development of the road network has acquired the status of a state doctrine. By the 60s they had caught up with Germany in terms of road quality. The emphasis was placed not only on the branched structure with cafeterias, gas stations and motels, but also on the greatest length of roads. Multi-lane highways, which do not have single-level intersections with railways and other roads, covered vast territories. Drivers traveled several thousand kilometers a week on highways, traveling the length and breadth of the country. It is not surprising that cruise control appeared in the USA. In our country, this device is not given paramount importance. Although experiments with cruise control were carried out back in the USSR. The first model equipped with this device was the Volga (GAZ-21).
What is cruise control in a car?
Most reference books classify this device as a special device that allows you to maintain the specified speed of the machine constantly. At the same time, it can be either increased or decreased, with or without driver participation. The thing is that when driving long distances it is very difficult to constantly keep your foot on the gas pedal. Cruise control makes this task easier. How exactly he does this, you will find out below.
Cruise control buttons
They are located on Typically, there are only four of them:
ON - switching on;
OFF - shutdown;
SET - setting the movement speed;
RESUME - return to the speed set last time.
Now you know how to turn on cruise control. Let's talk about the benefits promised by this device. They all come down to three advantages: savings, comfort and safety.
Saving
By maintaining a uniform speed, savings can range from 5 to 15% of fuel. For example, when driving without cruise control on a road section 200-210 km long at a speed in the range of 85-130 km/h, the approximate consumption per 100 km will be 11 liters. With cruise control turned on and a stable speed of 110 km/h, you can save 2 liters and achieve 9. As a bonus, you can note the reduced load on the transmission and engine. Consequently, their service life will increase.
Comfort
This advantage reveals to us how cruise control works. While driving, the driver does not need to press on to maintain a constant speed. Cruise control will do this for him. Using the above, the driver can set a fixed speed and not press the gas pedal. In this case, fuel will be supplied independently and in the dosage necessary to maintain the current speed. If the required speed is exceeded, for example on a descent, the car will automatically slow down, and when driving on an ascent it can accelerate. This occurs due to the control of ABS operation, fuel supply, and engine speed. Today this is a fairly technological process, which is regulated by mechanical actuators and electronics.
So what is cruise control in a car? This is, first of all, comfort. After all, the driver does not need to monitor maintaining a certain speed, which means he can relax, which is especially important during hours of tiring driving. And it’s not just the leg that is resting. Thanks to cruise control, it is possible not to exceed the speed due to inattention, which is also a comfort. Due to the fear of speeding, the driver is forced to constantly “monitor” the speedometer data. This makes your eyes tired and your brain tired. If the road situation changes, it is always possible to turn off the “cruise” by pressing the brake or gas pedal (depending on the situation). You can return to this option by simply pressing a button. When the ignition is turned off, the previously set speed is canceled.
Safety
Even those drivers who don’t know what cruise control is in a car put it above all else. This device will help provide it. Thousands of highway features contain specific traffic information. The driver notices signs, signs and markings much better, fully concentrating on the road. Of course, the mode of maintaining a fixed speed is acceptable for urban conditions, but on the other hand, it is of little use for them. But such a useful function as speed limit is suitable for any roads. It allows you to set a certain limit (for example, 70 km/h), upon reaching which the car will forcefully brake. That is, the speed will vary in the range from 0 to 70 km/h, and no more.
This option is very relevant in cities where there is a speed limit (60 km/h). Traffic police officers take full advantage of this, because high speeds in modern cars are achieved quietly and quickly, and straight, wide sections awaken the desire to accelerate. This is where the speed limit mode is needed. If you want to slow down, please, but you won’t be able to accelerate above the established limit.
We hope you understand all the benefits of cruise control. So think about purchasing it. Moreover, installation of cruise control is quite simple and can be done at any car service center.
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Cruise control system - device and characteristics
Reading the characteristics of various cars, you can see that some trim levels are equipped with a cruise control system. What kind of system is this, what does it control and why is it needed at all?
First of all, it must be said that many people still cannot understand the principle of operation of cruise control, and therefore either do not use it at all, or try to use it, but they do not succeed.
Cruise control, in simple terms, is a device that allows you to maintain a constant set speed of the car. First of all, it is best used during long journeys along country highways, because there is no need to constantly press the gas pedal, and therefore the leg will not get tired.
Why did cruise control become popular?
For the first time, such a development was used back in the 50s of the last century, but was used extremely rarely due to technical problems and shortcomings. The real understanding of the benefits of using cruise control came in the 70s, when the financial crisis broke out and gasoline prices soared.
With a cruise control system, fuel consumption when traveling along long routes is significantly reduced, since optimal engine operation is maintained.
Drivers could only watch the road. American drivers really liked the invention, because in the USA distances are measured in thousands of kilometers, and the car is the favorite means of transportation for the majority of the population.
The device of the cruise control system
The cruise control system consists of several main parts:
- control module - a mini-computer that is installed in the engine compartment;
- throttle valve drive - this can be a pneumatic or electric drive connected to the throttle;
- switch - displayed on the steering wheel or on the instrument panel;
- various sensors - speed, throttle, wheel speed, etc.
If the car leaves the assembly line with this option, then cruise control is integrated into the overall vehicle control system. Ready-made systems are also sold that can be installed on a car with any type of engine or gearbox.
How does cruise control work?
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The systems are different, but cruise control is controlled according to the same scheme:
- On/Off — turn on or off;
- Set/Acceleration - set the speed - that is, you can transfer throttle control to the cruise control and the speed that was at the time of activation will be maintained, or you can enter another higher speed indicator;
- Resume — restore the last settings that were at the time of shutdown (disconnection is done by pressing the brake pedal);
- Coast - speed reduction.
That is, the operating algorithm is approximately this: On - Set (activation and setting the speed) - pressing the brake (disabling) - Resume (recovery) - Coast (decrease if you need to switch to a lower speed mode.
Typically, cruise control is activated at speeds above 60 km/h, although the system itself can operate at 30-40 km/h.
Adaptive cruise control
At the moment, the most advanced system is adaptive. It is almost close to the analogue of an autopilot in aviation, with the difference that the driver still needs to turn the steering wheel.
Adaptive cruise control differs from ordinary cruise control by the presence of a radar, which analyzes the distance to vehicles in front and maintains the desired distance. If the front cars begin to slow down or accelerate, the impulses are transmitted to the control module, and from there to the pneumatic throttle actuator. That is, the driver does not need to press on the gas or, conversely, reduce speed.
Development of more advanced systems is underway, the capabilities of which will be significantly expanded.
How to use cruise control, using the example of a SKODA Octavia car
Cruise video from KIA
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Without cruise control, traveling long distances would become tiresome and contribute to driver fatigue. Let's tell you: what it is and what it is needed for, how to use it, what is the difference between passive and adaptive.
What is it and how to use it
Cruise control is a device that maintains a constant vehicle speed by automatically increasing or decreasing the gas on its own. without driver participation. Most often, it is used while driving on highways. The driver sets the optimal speed at which he intends to drive, and the system itself presses or releases the gas pedal.For example, we set the system to 100 km/h (additionally adjusts within plus or minus 5 km/h) in order to keep the highway limit to 90 km/h plus the permitted 20 km/h and not get fined. The driver can only steer. The system may reduce speed on downhill slopes or when approaching a slow vehicle. After passing it, it will automatically dial the specified value.
In urban conditions, where the speed of the car is not constant, it is not needed. For safety reasons, cruise is switched off as soon as you press the brake pedal and is inactive when driving below 40 km/h.
For ease of use, the cruise buttons are located directly on the steering wheel and consist of 5 main ones: On (turn on), Off (turn off), Set\Accel (set/increase), Resume (restore), Coast (lower). Plus a brake pedal that automatically turns off the system.
Everything is clear with the on/off buttons. When you press the Set/Accel button, the cruise control will record the speed at which you are currently traveling. If you press this button again, it will increase by 2 km/h. If you brake, then to restore the lost speed you need to press the Resume button. If you hold the Coast button, the speed will decrease.
What is adaptive cruise
There is an adaptive type system that monitors the speed of the car in front or the topography of the road, and knows where there will be turns, descents, and difficult sections. Depending on these conditions, it automatically adjusts your speed and maintains a safe distance between two cars. Those. in essence, this is the ability of a car to move autonomously with minimal driver input. In some cars, it is able to go around slow cars or change lanes.This opportunity will appear thanks to the installation of a radar and a digital processor. This type is called active. Traditional cruise control is considered passive and does not automatically adjust the speed; you must do this yourself.
Let's look at an example of how active cruise control works on Mercedes cars. It works when they are positioned behind a car and uses a video camera to point at the license plate of the leading car. Then your car will follow the leader as if tied, if he does not change lanes, and the road is not a mountain serpentine with sharp turns.
If the car in front slows down, the system sends a signal to reduce speed. When the road is empty, it gives a signal to restore speed. If you have a passive cruise, then you must slow down and then also independently restore the speed to the set one.
Active cruise control operates at speeds from 30 to 200 km/h. And the main condition for its use is Under no circumstances should you take your hands off the steering wheel, otherwise it will turn off. There are also options when the car follows the road markings and moves within the lane, rather than looking for another car. In essence, adaptive cruise is an automatic driving system without a first-level driver, but which still requires driver participation in the process.
Video review using an example
Active cruise control is designed to help avoid collisions with vehicles ahead. If the system does not have time to reduce speed and there is a possibility of a collision, it signals the driver to apply the brakes or move away from the collision. In advanced systems, it is capable of braking independently without driver intervention.
When choosing a car at a car dealership or on the secondary market, you always ask about its main characteristics and additional options. One of these additional options, among others, is cruise control.
What is this fancy option in a car - cruise control?
If literally translated, it turns out to be “travel control”. In principle, this is how it is. But the system does not monitor the route of your trip or fellow travelers, but your speed. Cruise control allows you to constantly maintain the vehicle speed you set throughout the entire route. It automatically increases the throttle when the speed drops, and decreases it when the car is going too fast, for example, when exposed to centrifugal force on a downhill slope.
This option is usually used when driving long distances - on a highway where there are no frequent speed changes or constant braking, for example, at traffic lights or in a traffic jam. In the city, cruise control is not needed. So, if you plan to drive your car only around the city, in principle, you don’t have to spend money on an additional option.
History of the system
Cruise control was invented more than half a century ago - in 1958. The first car with cruise control was a Chrysler model, the Chrysler Empire. For that time, a car with this option was considered almost a spaceship. Having cruise control was considered the height of automotive prestige. It was only then that the system crashed quite often. And cruise control became firmly established in driver’s everyday life only in the 1970s.
Then gasoline became much more expensive, and drivers were looking for different ways to save on fuel. And we remembered about cruise control. The system was finalized and put into use. After all, when a constant speed is maintained, without sudden accelerations and braking, much less gasoline is spent, and the leg does not get tired - there is no need to constantly press the gas pedal.
Basically, drivers only had to press the cruise control button, select the desired speed and enjoy a comfortable ride, while keeping a close eye on the road, of course. Actually, nothing fundamentally has changed since then. There have been only qualitative improvements to the mechanism.
Types of system control
There are two types of cruise control: passive and adaptive (or active). Passive cruise control is considered traditional. Adaptive is a new product in the automotive industry, it is constantly being improved. Its essence is that such control over the car will take the fundamental factor as the speed of the car that is driving in front of yours.
It reads the speed using special sensors. If the car in front slows down, your cruise control also receives a signal to reduce speed and vice versa. This innovation is designed to make the trip safer and, if possible, prevent a collision.
Adaptive cruise control can be radar or laser. Radar is considered more accurate, but at the same time more expensive. Laser is considered less reliable - its operation may be affected by adverse weather conditions. Adaptive depends entirely on the correct functioning of two systems: and safety - ESP.
If they work properly, the mechanism also functions. However, if at least one of the systems fails, adaptive cruise control warns the driver of the problem and turns off. If the cruise control does not have time to smoothly reduce the speed in front of a car that has sharply braked, the car will begin to “squeak.” So he asks you to take control of the car.
The system and the cruise control control unit itself are located under the hood of the car or behind the dashboard. This is a small computer that is connected to the throttle and special sensors. If you have a high-quality mechanism in your car, it will keep the speed of the car constant even when driving on a hilly road, despite the weight of the car.
How to set the required and constant speed?
Typically, the speed is adjusted by pressing a button, increasing or decreasing by 2 km/h. Such a mechanism may not be very convenient, but it protects the driver from a sharp increase or decrease in speed. In addition, the cruise control system automatically turns off during heavy braking for even greater safety.
Cruise control is not just one button, there are usually five of them. With one button you turn on the cruise control - the Cruise inscription on the odometer lights up. The second is designed to turn off the system. There is also a button to set the speed you need. Now you can take your foot off the gas pedal, the car will drive at a constant set speed.
To turn off your device temporarily, slow down or press the cancel button. The cruise control will turn off, but will save the parameters you entered in its system. Until you turn off the ignition or the cruise control itself, the speed you set will be stored in the device’s memory. To restore it, click the corresponding button. As you can see, there is nothing complicated about the cruise control system.
How does cruise control speed up or slow down?
If you need to overtake the car in front, simply press the gas pedal, as soon as overtaking is completed, take your foot off the accelerator, and the car will return to the set speed. You can reduce the movement speed by several points by pressing the Coast button several times.
Cruise control is usually installed in cars with an automatic transmission. However, the existence of the device is also possible in “mechanics”. But in cars with a manual transmission, the cruise is special.
If the owner of an automatic transmission has turned on the cruise control, taken his foot off the gas pedal and enjoys the ride, and the car itself regulates the speed even when overtaking or an obstacle appears on the road, then the owner of a manual transmission needs to depress the clutch when changing gear, the cruise, accordingly, turns off , and then turn it on again. No other differences in the interaction of cruise control with different types of car gearboxes have yet been identified.
If your vehicle is in rough terrain with long, frequent uphills and sharp downhills, your vehicle's speed will likely increase as you move down and decrease as you move up, even with cruise control on. In this case, it is better to temporarily turn off the cruise control function and return to this option already on a flat section of the road.
In any case, cruise is a useful option and does an excellent job of maintaining a constant speed set by you on the highway. It’s up to you to decide which type of mechanism you choose. It is better to install cruise control, if you have not done this before, with the help of technicians at a service station. So buy yourself this mechanism and enjoy a comfortable ride.
Not all modern drivers know what cruise control is in a car. However, this option belongs to rather old systems installed on foreign-made vehicles. This system is designed to provide comfort and convenience when driving on country roads. There are many benefits to using this option, so let's look at the characteristics of cruise control.
Cruise control: what is it?
Cruise control is an additional vehicle option, thanks to which the speed is maintained at a certain level. This function is used exclusively for long trips on country roads or highways. When driving in urban areas, this function is not used.
This is interesting! On domestically produced cars, the cruise control system began to be used relatively recently, and only on luxury trim levels. If the need arises, you can install it yourself, which is what many owners of Russian cars do.
The cruise control system functions as follows: the driver drives out of town onto the highway, after which he turns on the option to support a certain speed limit. Regardless of the road surface, the system will maintain the speed at a certain level. This allows the driver to take his foot off the gas pedal and not control the speed.
Appearance of the cruise control buttons located on the steering column switch
The system in question is not a new product at all, but it gained popularity in Russia not so long ago. In Western European countries, the use of cruise control is the norm, as the system eliminates driver fatigue during long journeys. This option is installed from the factory on cars with different types of engines and transmissions. If the system in question is not installed on the car from the factory, then this is not yet a reason to change the vehicle. You can install it yourself, and even a beginner can cope with this task.
The invention of the cruise control system occurs in the USA, where the device is extremely popular. Today, manufacturers from different countries are producing such a system: Germany, Japan, China and others. Translated from English, “Cruise Control” means “constant speed control.” However, in addition to controlling speed and reducing driver fatigue, this system has another significant advantage - fuel economy. Numerous studies among motorists have revealed that fuel savings correspond to values of up to 5-7%. This is another reason to equip your vehicle with cruise control.
Features of operation on manual transmission and automatic transmission
On vehicles with manual transmission and automatic transmission, the operating principle of cruise control is the same, with the exception of some points. These points lie in the number of functions performed by the devices. However, let’s look at the initial components of the device and its operating principle.
The design of the simplest cruise control consists of a servo drive, which is connected to the throttle control mechanism. It is the servo drive that is responsible for supplying a certain amount of the fuel mixture. A servo drive is a negative feedback product used when driving a vehicle with a manual transmission.
Cruise control servo drive responsible for fuel supply
The operating principle of the device is as follows:
The cruise control module analyzes the information received and also compares it with those specified by the driver. Based on information processing, a specific car control algorithm is created. Now let’s figure out what are the differences in the functioning of the cruise control system for cars with manual transmission and automatic transmission.
How does the mechanical system work?
When using the cruise control system on a car with a manual transmission, the sector stops at the limiter. To do this, the driver should change from high to low gear. In addition, with a manual transmission, the driver needs to independently press the brake pedal if the need arises.
On a car with a manual transmission, when driving uphill and with the cruise control option activated, the driver will need to switch to a lower speed. If you don’t switch to it when going up a steep climb, you simply won’t be able to overcome the obstacle. The same applies to the situation when a car goes down a hill. If you do not shift to a lower gear for engine braking, the engine will develop a high speed.
Video: cruise control on a Suzuki Grand Vitara with manual transmission
How does the system work automatically?
On “automatic”, with the cruise control option turned on, there is no need to switch, since the device is responsible for all actions. As soon as the car reaches the desired speed, the servo will fix the position of the damper. If an adaptive type system is installed on a vehicle with an automatic transmission, then the car braking occurs automatically.
Types of device
There are two types of devices under consideration, which are called passive and adaptive. The first option is a classic system that is used on cars with different types of gearboxes for a long period of time. The main function of passive devices lies in maintaining a certain speed of movement.
The adaptive type is the most interesting and in demand, so we will deal with each type separately.
Passive cruise control and its features
The passive type of cruise control has the simplest design, and such a product is used primarily to maintain a certain speed while driving on highways and highways. The design of the passive device includes the following structural elements:
The device operates quite simply. To do this, you need to go out of town to a highway with good road surface. It is not rational to use this option, both in city traffic and outside the city on roads with poor-quality road surfaces (if there are potholes and other defects on the roads, as well as on primers). As soon as the car reaches a certain speed, which is optimal for a given area, the cruise control is turned on (manually).
After enabling this option, the microprocessor located in the control unit is responsible for the speed of movement. Sensors determine the speed of the vehicle, as well as the throttle position, and transmit information to the control module. When driving conditions change, which can be ascents and descents, the sensors send appropriate signals.
It is important! The sensors do not detect other types of obstacles, so the driver should be careful when the cruise control is on.
As soon as the type of track changes when driving uphill or downhill, the sensors send signals to the control unit. The unit analyzes the signals, after which it sends a command to the servo drive, and the throttle valve closes or opens.
Adaptive cruise control and its features
The adaptive type of cruise control is a new generation of the device. This type of device is used on modern cars, and is intended not only to maintain a certain speed limit, but also to take into account the traffic situation. The traffic situation is taken into account using auxiliary devices: sensors, radars and cameras.
The use of adaptive cruise control makes it possible to link your vehicle to the car moving ahead. The speed of the vehicle ahead is taken into account, and a safe distance is maintained, on the basis of which the control unit controls the vehicle.
Location and overview of adaptive cruise control sensors
If the car moving ahead changes speed, the sensors will send corresponding signals to the ECU. The unit will analyze the signals and make a decision to reduce or increase the speed. If there is no vehicle ahead, the device gives a signal to increase the speed to the required value, after which it maintains it.
This is interesting! There are also cruise control systems that can read road markings. This feature allows the driver to eliminate the need to drive a car.
Adaptive cruise control is designated ACC. This type of system is installed on cars from the factory. The cost of such a system is quite high, due to the use of expensive sensors, cameras and radar. The device also uses a modern control unit, capable of calculating not 2 functions, but several dozen. Depending on the device model, the driver can be notified of an emergency situation ahead by both visual and audio signals.
It is also important to note the fact that the adaptive cruise control system operates in tandem with the ABS anti-lock braking system and ESP. If one of these systems does not function, it will be impossible to activate cruise control. It is recommended to turn on adaptive cruise control when cars are moving at a uniform speed outside the city.
Displaying the adaptive cruise control system on the vehicle's on-board computer
If the vehicle design does not have an adaptive type of cruise control, then its installation does not make justifiable sense. Although this system is more advanced and modern, a passive device is quite sufficient for trips outside the city.
How to use cruise control
What cruise control is in a car and why it is needed was discussed in detail. It is important to understand the question of how to use this device correctly. After all, many motorists, when switching to foreign cars, do not understand what this option is and how to use it correctly.
If a car has cruise control installed from the factory, the control buttons for this option are often located on the steering wheel, and only occasionally on the steering column switches. If you install the cruise control yourself, then a special control panel with several buttons is installed on the steering wheel.
Cruise control buttons located on the Hyundai multifunction steering wheel
The location of the control panel on the steering wheel is the most convenient, since at any second you can not only enable the option, but also disable it or make settings. However, some car models are equipped with control panels located on the steering column switches.
Control buttons for standard cruise control on Lada Granta
Depending on the vehicle model, as well as on the design of the device, there are some differences in control. The cruise control control algorithm consists of performing the following manipulations:
- First, you need to accelerate the vehicle to the speed at which you plan to continue moving. The minimum speed at which the device can be turned on is 40 km/h.
- Enable option. This is done by pressing a button in the form of a tachometer with an arrow or moving the regulator to the “ON” position.
The cruise control system is activated by pressing the button with the corresponding icon
- In this case, the corresponding white or yellow indicator will light up on the instrument panel, which usually looks like a tachometer with an arrow. If the device was installed on the car yourself, then no indicators on the instrument panel will light up. The indicator glowing white or yellow indicates that the device is turned on, but this function is not yet working.
The yellow icon on the instrument panel indicates that the cruise control device is turned on, however, for it to fully function, you must press “SET-“
- The system is put into operation by pressing the “SET” button with a minus sign. On some car models, the name of this button may differ, however, the activation principle is similar.
Motorists who often travel along the highway do not skimp on installing the function, even if it does not come as standard on the car.
- In this case, the indicator will change from white or yellow to green, which indicates the functioning of the device.
The green icon indicates the operation of the cruise control function.
- If you need to increase or decrease the speed of movement, you can use the plus and minus buttons. When you press these buttons, the speed of the car will increase or decrease by a value from 1 to 2 km.
To turn off the device, press the “Off” button. This is a complete disabling of the option, and is performed when you enter the city. An emergency way to turn off is by pressing the brake pedal. In this case, the system goes into readiness mode (lit with a white or yellow indicator). You can turn on the option at any time and continue moving along the highway. It is often used when you need to overcome an obstacle, make a stop, etc. Another way to turn off the device is to press the gas pedal. This shutdown option is used on vehicles with adaptive systems installed.
More details on how to operate cruise control on your car can be found in the manual for your vehicle.
Let's look at some designations of cruise control options:
- On – switch on.
- Off—disable.
- Set Accel – setting the mode.
- Resume – remembering speed.
- Coast – speed reduction.
Video: how to use cruise control
It is important to mention that the cruise control has a self-off function. The following factors serve for this:
- If a sudden acceleration occurs at 5.4 km/h.
- If you move the lever to the neutral position on a car with automatic transmission.
On vehicles with a manual transmission, the cruise control will not turn off when the gear shift lever is moved. The car will slow down, but the sound of the engine roar will be heard.
To summarize the device under consideration, the following advantages should be noted:
- Opportunity for the driver to rest. In this case, the driver can only relax his legs, but not his arms or head.
- The ability to install the device on any car, even if it is not equipped with the option from the factory.
- Reduced fuel consumption by 5-7%.
- Using the adaptive view of the device allows you to automatically maintain not only speed, but also distance.
Cruise control, like almost any function, has its downsides:
- If any sensor of the device malfunctions, the system will not function. This is especially true for the adaptive control system.
