Antifreeze A40m - how it works. Motor oils and everything you need to know about motor oils Tosol a 40 technical specifications
Antifreeze A40M is used for engine cooling as a low-temperature antifreeze. Like most coolants based on concentrated ethylene glycol, it has a specific area of application, which is indicated by an alphanumeric value.
In appearance, it is a transparent, uniformly colored liquid that should not have mechanical impurities. During operation, foam may appear on the surface of the liquid. When frozen (Antifreeze grade 40 freezes at -40°, other brands freeze at appropriate temperatures) it turns into a mushy crystalline mass, which may have a cloudy appearance and grows in volume by 0.25-0.3%.
Antifreeze is called antifreeze in the same way as foreign liquids, but since it is of domestic origin, the term coolant is more often used.
Antifreeze brand A-40M consists of ethylene glycol in concentrated form, but at the same time contains a number of anti-foam and anti-corrosion additives, the purpose of which, accordingly, is to prevent the appearance of foam, as well as corrosion damage to the engine cooling system.
Both of these phenomena are detrimental to the engine:
- in the first case - due to possible boiling off of the antifreeze and some increase in pressure,
- in the second - due to wear of the internal surfaces of the cooling system.
Antifreeze A40M contains additives that prevent corrosion of copper, cast iron, steel elements and brass, but, unlike foreign antifreezes, they do not have additives that protect aluminum, and therefore have restrictions on use in foreign cars. In modern developments of Tosol this defect is corrected.
Concentrated antifreeze liquid is obtained on the basis of alcohol and with the addition of water, so it has the appropriate boiling point and start of distillation, as well as other technical characteristics similar to those of water and alcohol-water solutions.
Coolant may also contain dyes. Conventional ethylene glycol antifreeze, which is typical for alcohol-based liquids, is absolutely transparent, but manufacturers, as a rule, paint different brands of antifreeze in the corresponding colors. This is due to the need to distinguish brands by freezing point and for safety reasons to avoid using the liquid for other purposes. Since there is no single standard, the color of the liquid can be any, depending on production standards, but the presence of a dye in the composition does not affect the technical characteristics (in other cases, the manufacturer provides information about this effect).
Specifications
The technical parameters of Antifreeze brand A40M acceptable according to GOST are as follows:
- The density of the coolant is from 1.065 to 1.085 g/cm³
- alkalinity indicator (according to GOST) - no less than 10 per cm³
- pH value can range from 7.5 to 11
- crystallization temperature -40°С
- permissible foaming volume up to 30 cm³
- foam dissolution time - up to 3 seconds
- distillation start temperature - from +100°C
- mass percentage of liquid distilled at temperatures up to +150°C - up to 50%
- boiling point from +100°C
Designations of antifreeze A-40M
In this case, the A40M brand means:
- A - use for cars
- 40 — permissible operating temperature (up to -40°)
- M - this antifreeze is modernized
Use of A-40M
Antifreeze, intended primarily for cooling the car engine, should be located in the radiator, which acts as a collector of the generated heat. The distillation of coolant inside the radiator produces heat flow and exchange with the external environment through its surface. For stable operation of the cooling system, as well as to maintain cooling performance at a constant level, you need to monitor the antifreeze level inside the system and, if necessary, maintain it.
It is recommended to replace the fluid in a car engine cooler every two years or every 60 thousand kilometers.
To preserve the engine and cooling system, it is recommended to use the A-40M grade. If it is necessary to replace the fluid with a different brand, you must completely clean the cooling system of the remnants of the previous one.
With constant use, natural evaporation of water may occur, then a small amount of water (exclusively distilled) should be added to the cooling system. In case of antifreeze leaks, the losses are replenished with the same brand.
The technical characteristics of antifreeze allow it to have a wider range of applications when cooling various thermal and heat-generating installations or as a working fluid in systems operating in the range of moderate and low temperatures.
Antifreeze production is located in the city of Dzerzhinsk. Dzerzhinsk is one of the largest centers of the chemical industry in Russia. Developed production infrastructure, direct access to raw materials, convenient geographical location, modern analytical and production equipment ensure high quality products at every stage of production.
Production of antifreeze according to GOST
The production of antifreeze is based on compliance with the state quality standard for coolants GOST 28084-89.
European antifreeze standard
Antifreeze production complies with Volkswagen specifications G11 and G12. Antifreeze contains corrosion inhibitors based on carboxylic acids.
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Antifreeze is an extremely important cooling material. Its functional significance is comparable to the use of consumable mixtures such as brake fluid and engine oil. Any cooler, including antifreeze A40M, has several functional characteristics: it provides optimal temperature conditions for the operation of the power unit, and also acts as a protector of working mechanisms from corrosion processes and wear.
Main technical features
Antifreeze in the domestic industry was first developed in the 70s of the last century. After the first tests, it began to be widely used in the Soviet automobile industry. Intended for all-season use in cooling systems of internal combustion engines.
A40M was created in an organic synthesis laboratory and belongs to the class of alcohols. The letter “A” means that the technical solution is used only for cars. The numerical value is the crystallization temperature. The letter “M” indicates that the presented solution is considered modernized.
The base of antifreeze A40M is premium quality glycol alcohol (ethylene glycol). To achieve the optimal useful characteristics of the coolant, various additives are introduced into its composition in the form of anti-foam and anti-corrosion additives. The refrigerant is colorless and odorless. It is painted in different colors to distinguish it from each other based on its “characteristics.” Antifreeze is available in light green or blue. Despite the basic alcohol part, it should not be ingested and care should be taken so that the mixture does not come into contact with the skin. If the liquid does get on your skin, you should immediately wash the affected area with plenty of water.
Among the parameters of antifreeze are:
- low crystallization temperature - up to 40 degrees below zero;
- high boiling point - 108 Celsius;
- does not foam;
- neutral in relation to other polymer parts of the propulsion system;
- does not decompose during storage;
- low viscosity;
- has increased thermal conductivity.
The guaranteed shelf life is 3 years, and the quality complies with the technical instructions of TU 2422-018-31885245-2006.
Application of antifreeze A40M
During operation, the vehicle's power unit heats up excessively. This occurs as a result of fuel combustion and under loads of frictional forces. Therefore, a vehicle engine requires an effective cooling system. To remove heat in a car, there is a radiator - the main heat-removing element. Technical solutions that pass through the radiator and engine of a car are coolants.
Due to its technical properties, antifreeze can be used as a consumable material both in transport cooling systems and in other heat exchange devices operating at low and moderate temperatures.
During operation, it is necessary to periodically monitor the antifreeze level. If the amount has decreased due to natural evaporation of water masses, then a small volume of purified water can be added. If the cause is a leak, then it is necessary to add a concentrated solution. According to the manufacturer’s recommendations, antifreeze A40M should be changed every 50 thousand kilometers traveled or after 2 years of operation. When changing coolant, it is recommended to use a similar brand, but before filling, you should first flush the vehicle’s engine system.
The main component of the cooling system of a car or other vehicle is antifreeze. It is considered one of the most common types of antifreeze, so when purchasing it is very important to pay attention to its characteristics. The main factor can be called antifreeze density, which affects the principles of engine operation.
Antifreeze in the cooling system not only protects the engine from overheating, but also serves as heating for the interior of the car. Therefore, the liquid that cools the engine must have appropriate properties, in particular density. It also affects the crystallization temperature of the substance.
Methods and means of measurement
Many drivers use antifreeze due to its property of not freezing at low temperatures. This advantage allows you to use it even in the most severe frosts. But such a liquid has a certain period of operation and this depends on its density, the low level of which, after prolonged use, affects the frost resistance of antifreeze.
To measure the density of the coolant, you need to use a hydrometer (another name for a densimeter). This device, together with a conventional thermometer, will be able to establish certain antifreeze levels in your engine.
This procedure has several stages:
- the engine temperature should be no more than 20 degrees (it can be measured with a regular thermometer);
- open the radiator or expansion tank to collect fluid;
- use a hydrometer to collect a certain amount of substance;
- place the device vertically to measure the concentration of antifreeze;
- Compare the hydrometer readings with those indicated on the packaging.
Reasons for checking
The density of antifreeze deteriorates after prolonged use. This has a negative impact on the safety of the cooling system. The maximum temperature that antifreeze can “withstand” is -40 degrees and then its density does not exceed 1.075 g/cm³. If the degree is higher, then the liquid freezes and its properties deteriorate.
The characteristics of a substance also depend on its composition. It consists of ethylene glycol, water and additives. The ratios of these ingredients and their properties directly affect the density of antifreeze and the period of its use.
Changing the characteristics of the coolant leads to unsatisfactory operation of the engine and its systems. That's why Regular checking of substance density is required, which cools the engine and your car will avoid breakdowns and repairs.
Antifreeze data
The antifreeze density table displays the coolant indicators relative to the freezing point, crystallization, glycol content in the volume and its amount in the composition. This information will help you choose the right antifreeze for your car based on the freezing point in the system that cools the engine.
Antifreeze brand A
Antifreeze A40 is considered the most popular antifreeze. It has a number of technical characteristics, thanks to which the engine cooling system copes with its tasks perfectly: 
low freezing point;
lack of reaction after contact with engine parts;
high thermal conductivity;
good storage and use properties.
The above data also includes excellent lubricating properties and a low viscosity level. The density of antifreeze A 40 also has acceptable indicators relative to the freezing point of the liquid, which makes it one of the best antifreezes.
Figures and facts
The indicators that determine the concentration of the coolant do not exceed 1.075 g/cm3, although according to GOST data they are kept within the range of 1.065-1.085 g/cm3. This information applies to almost all antifreezes. With such a density of antifreeze freezing temperature is no more than -40 degrees.
Determining the crystallization parameters of a substance depends on many factors. One of them is density, which is measured using a hydrometer. But some instruments are mistakenly manufactured with an antifreeze crystallization scale, so it is important to buy the correct measuring instruments to optimally study the engine cooling system.
The coolant that is used for the cooling system in a car engine is called antifreeze or antifreeze. The very first coolants for cars lacked anti-corrosion additives, as a result of which some parts of the cooling system became rusty and failed. Over time, the composition of the liquid improved significantly and was even divided into two categories - summer and winter antifreeze.
Chemical composition of coolant
Today, each brand of antifreeze that is sold on the wide market differs only in the amount of water and various additives in the liquid. The basis of any antifreeze is ethylene glycol. This is an alcohol that has two atoms in its structure. This viscous, colorless liquid with a sweetish taste. It can be used in almost any harsh weather conditions, since ethylene glycol does not freeze even at a temperature of -198 degrees.
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This alcohol has such properties that water will not freeze in the range of degrees from -1 to -89 degrees. And if you optimally combine an aqueous solution and alcohol, you will get a liquid that will not freeze and can withstand temperatures up to 78 degrees Celsius.
The chemical composition of antifreeze includes the following components::
- glycerol;
- phosphates;
- additives with anti-corrosion properties;
- glycol;
- burats.
All these components are responsible for the quality of the coolant. Requirements for normal operation of vehicles The following properties of antifreeze must correspond:
- Do not freeze in low temperatures. Operating a car at abnormally low degrees Celsius should be comfortable and safe for transport.
- The liquid should have the same qualities at high temperatures. This applies to engine operation in hot summer months.
- Good circulation of antifreeze in the system should be due to acceptable viscosity of the coolant.
These are the properties that a high-quality non-freezing liquid for the cooling system has. GOST for this liquid was introduced back in 1989, and since then all domestic manufacturers have been producing antifreeze according to these standards. Antifreezes produced according to specifications have a slightly different antifreeze composition; GOST does not apply to them.
It is important to know that over time, the chemical composition of antifreeze changes somewhat under the influence of external factors. Therefore, for normal operation of all systems, it is necessary to replace the anti-freeze after every 25 thousand kilometers.
Characteristics of antifreeze a-40m
The first Soviet antifreeze was developed in 1971. It was intended for use in VAZ cars. Then they began to use it for other transport. A letter expression in the form of “A” means that the solution is intended only for vehicles. And the letter M indicates that the antifreeze is modernized.
The composition of antifreeze a 40 is of the highest quality. The main component of this solution is ethylene glycol alcohol. It also contains various anti-corrosion and anti-foam additives.
The main characteristics of antifreeze a-40 are:
- Withstands temperatures and does not freeze at -45 degrees.
- Boiling point Celsius 110 degrees.
- No foaming.
- Its chemical composition does not affect other vehicle systems.
- Has low density.
- It does not deteriorate or decompose during storage.
Main types of refrigerant
Another common name for antifreeze is refrigerant, or as it is popularly called, antifreeze. There are two types of antifreeze, they differ in color. Silicate coolant is green, while carboxyl coolant is red.
Both of these types of antifreeze cover individual parts of the system with a small scale and prevent metal corrosion. Red antifreeze has a longer service life, and after replacing it, flushing the entire cooling system is not required.
To distinguish between antifreezes, there is a special marking. Thus, silicate antifreeze on the packaging is designated G11. The formulation of such a liquid contains components such as amines, nitrites, nitrates, borates, silicates, and phosphates.
Carboxyl antifreeze is designated G12. In European countries, it is used on vehicles manufactured before 2001. In its main form, it is red or pink.
How to identify low-quality antifreeze
Checking that the purchased antifreeze is of high quality and not a cheap fake can be done in one simple way. Counterfeit coolant is produced on the basis of acid, and as you know from chemistry lessons, acid reacts violently with alkali.
If you pour a little anti-freeze into a small container and add a pinch of baking soda to it, you can look at the reaction of the solution. If nothing happens, you can safely use antifreeze for its intended purpose.
You can check antifreeze, its properties and composition hydrometer and litmus test. A hydrometer is used to check the density of antifreeze. Litmus paper determines the acidity of antifreeze. Ideally, the paper should be green.
If it changes color and becomes red or pink, this means that there is a lot of acid in the liquid, and it can damage some parts of the system. If after checking the piece of paper turns purple, then there is alkali in the antifreeze.
Knowing these basic and simple check methods, you can protect your car from unwanted consequences.
