What do road signs look like? Road signs and their designation. Tricky exam tricks
" to the traffic rules.
This article is the first article in the series “Traffic Signs” and it discusses the most basic features of road signs: the division of signs into groups, the designations of each group, the features of their use.
Types of road signs in 2019
Currently, Appendix 1 to there are 8 sections, each of which deals with a separate group of road signs:
Road signs are divided into groups in such a way that each group contains signs that are similar in meaning. Let's look at each type of sign in more detail.
Traffic warning signs
Warning road signs are the most useful and safe signs for the driver. Their safety lies in the fact that the requirements of warning signs cannot be violated, because These signs do not prohibit or restrict the driver. The main function of such signs follows from their name. They warn the driver about possible dangers and help avoid them.
Warning signs are installed on dangerous sections of roads and can be easily distinguished from all other signs. Most warning signs look like a red triangle:
The only exceptions are signs related to railway crossings, "turn direction" signs and the "Intersection section" sign. Their shape differs from a triangle:
Please note that all other warning signs are triangles.
Let me remind you once again that it is impossible to violate the requirements of warning signs, therefore, in the area of their coverage, a fine for violating the requirements of road signs in the amount of 500 rubles cannot be imposed.
However, warning road signs can warn you against violations that can result in very real penalties.
Let's look at an example with the sign " Dangerous bend":
If you come across a similar sign on the road, then you do not need to take any special action. However, you should keep in mind that after 150 - 300 meters outside a populated area or after 50 - 100 meters in a populated area there will be a dangerous turn on your way.
At a dangerous turn, overtaking is prohibited (clause 11.4 of the rules). Accordingly, for overtaking on a dangerous turn, the driver risks receiving a punishment of 4-6 months or a fine of 5,000 rubles.
At the same time, the rules do not prohibit overtaking after the “dangerous turn” sign, but before the start of the most dangerous turn.
More detailed information about warning road signs is provided in the following articles:
Priority signs
Priority signs, unlike warning signs, establish priority rights at intersections of roadways, as well as narrow sections of the road.
In this case, please note that for violating the requirements of priority signs installed at an intersection, you can receive a fine of 1,000 rubles(Part 2 of Article 12.13 of the Administrative Code). For the same violation outside an intersection, a warning or a fine of 500 rubles may be imposed (Part 1 of Article 12.16 of the Administrative Code).
Here I would like to note that most often on the road you can find the following: road signs:
| entry prohibited (brick road sign) | |
| Movement Prohibition | |
| turning is prohibited | |
| overtaking is prohibited | |
| maximum speed limit | |
| prohibited | |
| No parking |
Let's consider an example related to violation of the requirements of a road sign prohibited entry (brick). The punishment for this violation directly depends on which road the driver takes.
If the sign is installed before entering the territory of the organization or the courtyard area, then we are talking about a regular violation of the requirements of road signs (500 rubles).
If a sign prohibits entry onto a one-way road, then a violation will entail a fine of 5,000 rubles or deprivation of rights for a period of 4 to 6 months.
Mandatory signs
Mandatory road signs are the opposite of the prohibitory signs discussed above. Mandatory signs allow only certain road users to perform certain actions.
For example, a road sign "bicycle path" allows only cyclists:
Various fines may be imposed for violating the requirements of mandatory signs.
For example, for driving onto a pedestrian path, the driver will receive a fine of 2,000 rubles (Part 2 of Article 12.15 of the Administrative Code).
Signs of special regulations
Signs of special regulations combine elements of both prohibitory and prescriptive signs.
For example, sign 5.19.1 “pedestrian crossing” allows pedestrians to cross the roadway, and sign “maximum speed limit zone” prohibits speeding on a selected section of the road.
Penalties for violating the requirements of special regulations signs depend on the type of sign and can vary widely.
Additional information signs (plates)
Additional information signs serve to clarify the meanings of road signs from other sections.
Warning signs do not impose any restrictions on your movement.
They do not prohibit anything and do not prescribe anything.
They only warn of possible danger.
Since we are going to warn, we need to warn in advance. Therefore, triangular warning signs are installed:
– in a populated area at a distance50 – 100 meters before the start of the dangerous section;
– outside the populated area at a distance150 – 300 meters before the start of the dangerous section.
These numbers need to be remembered; they will be very useful to us both in life and in the exam.
Both in life and in the exam you will have to answer the following question: “Is it allowed to turn around in this place?”
Looking ahead, I would like to inform you that turning around is prohibited in places with road visibility of less than 100 m in any direction.
Just don’t judge the distance by eye in the drawing. Nobody is offering this to you.
The authors of the Tickets want to find out if you are aware that triangular warning signs are installed outside populated areas for 150 – 300 meters before the start of the dangerous section. That is, there are at least 150 meters before the turn, and, therefore, you can turn around, the Rules do not object.
Have you felt how important it is to know how to install signs?
We will now proceed as follows. We will place all the warning signs on the road and drive through them one by one. Let’s start with sign 1.5 “Intersection with the tram line.” Signs 1.1. – 1.4.6, which arranges the entrance to the railway crossing, will be postponed for now. We will return to them later and then we will talk about them in more detail.
Sign 1.5– Intersection with a tram line.
Why did traffic organizers put such a sign here? They want drivers to prepare and remember one of the fundamental principles of the Rules:
With equal right of passage The tram has priority regardless of the direction of travel.
And here it is – the intersection! In this case, it is a controlled intersection.
Both, the car and the tram, move when the traffic light turns green.
That is, for both - equal right of passage.
We must give way to the tram!
But it may be so - you approach an intersection and see that there are no traffic lights, but there are priority signs. And on the main road you and the tram A.
That is, you and him (with tram A) equal right of passage.
You must give way only to the tramA!
Or so - there are no traffic lights or priority signs. This is a crossroads of equal roads.
Everyone here always has equal right of passage.
We must give way to both trams!
That is, warning signs prepare drivers for driving through difficult or dangerous areas.
Sign 1.6– Intersection of equivalent roads.
The sign warns that there is an intersection of equivalent roads ahead!
What fundamental principle of the Rules should the driver remember now?
That's right - the principle of “interference from the right”!
And here it is at an intersection, and we have “interference on the right.”
We must give way to him!
Sign 1.7– Roundabout intersection.
The sign warns that there is a roundabout ahead!
The order of passing such intersections differs in some characteristic features, and this is what we need to remember now.
You don't have to enter the circle from the far right lane.
If you are in the right lane, enter the circle from the right lane.
If you are in the left lane, you don’t need to change lanes, just enter from the left lane. The rules don’t mind.
But leaving the circle is only allowed from the far right lane.
And looking at the picture, it’s clear why.
Sign 1.8– Traffic light regulation.
Now you can’t see the traffic light, but it’s very close, only 10 meters away, and you should be warned about it.
In this case, along with the sign, an additional sign will be installed showing the exact distance to the area with increased danger.
And indeed, 10 meters after the turn there is a controlled pedestrian crossing.
But we are already prepared for this. Thank you warning sign.
Sign 1.9- Drawbridge.
This sign is installed in front of all drawbridges and ferry crossings. Now you are warned:
Get ready! A drawbridge or ferry crossing is ahead! We have to figure out the entry and exit procedures!
Most likely, there should be a duty officer there who determines this very order. Or, at the approach to the bridge (to the crossing), look for a traffic light and look at its signals.
Reference. This sign on roads outside a populated area must be installed twice. The main sign will be placed 150-300 m, the second one – 50-100 m before the drawbridge or crossing.
Sign 1.10– Departure to the embankment.
This sign is not placed on the embankment itself, but on the roads leading to the embankment.
This sign warns drivers:
If you do not turn right or left now, what is shown on the sign will happen!
Signs 1.11.1 and 1.11.2- Dangerous bend.
Please note that the signs do not even show a turn, but rather a bend in the road. There are probably some reasons for building roads with such a turn, I don’t know.
But I know from practice that if there is such a sign, then soon the road will begin to curve smoothly, but then it will certainly “break.”
And if, when entering a dangerous turn, you do not reduce the speed to at least 40 km/h, then you may not be able to fit into such a turn.
The consequences of ineptly passing a dangerous turn are, as a rule, very sad. Or the driver, in order not to overturn the car, is forced to move off the road.
Or, when trying to stay on your half of the roadway while entering a turn at high speed, the car can simply be overturned.
Signs 1.12.1 and 1.12.2– Dangerous turns.
If there are two turns at once, and they follow each other, drivers will be warned about such a misfortune with these signs.
It is necessary to understand how they differ from each other. One will be installed on the section of the road with the first turn to the right, and the other on the section of the road with the first turn to the left.
The sign warns that in 150 - 300 meters a dangerous section of the road will begin, and after the first dangerous turn there will be a second, no less dangerous.
But what if there are three, four, ten turns? What, draw everything on the sign?
The rules found another solution - they used an additional “Area of Action” sign.
There are still 150 - 300 meters to the beginning of the dangerous section, and there the road will be full of dangerous turns, following each other. And there will be at least three of them.
But no matter how many there are, the total length of the dangerous section is known - 500 meters.
Signs 1.13 and 1.14– Steep descent and steep ascent.
It must be said that not all descents and ascents are designated, but only those that deserve it. They are long and steep, and have complex terrain that limits visibility.
In a word, such signs will not be put up in vain - There is a really difficult section of the road ahead!
Note. The signs do not say which of them is “descent” and which is “ascent”. But it's very simple. The signs are read the same way as the text - from left to right.
This is the descent, and this is the ascent.
Sign 1.15- Slippery road.
This sign warns drivers that there is a section of road ahead that can sometimes be slippery. (Well, if it was always slippery, then who needs such a road).
It’s just that under certain conditions (usually wet conditions or in winter), even modern high-tech tires cannot reliably grip the roadway surface here.
Slow down and be careful!
Sign 1.16- Rough road.
This sign informs you that there is no money in the local budget to repair the road.
Well, if you want to save your wheels and suspension, it’s better to slow down.
Sign 1.17– Artificial roughness.
Everyone knows this sign. Even small children joyfully report: "This is a speed bump".
As a rule, along with the “Artificial Roughness” sign, a sign is also installed. "Maximum speed limit".
Sign 1.18– Gravel release.
In essence, this sign warns you: “Sorry, your car’s paintwork will be slightly damaged.
And maybe even some glass will be damaged.”
Reduce speed and increase distance and lateral spacing if possible. You can't think of anything else here.
Sign 1.19- Dangerous roadside.
The shoulder, as you know, is an element of the road and must meet certain requirements.
If this is not the case, then you will be warned about this by sign 1.19.
Signs 1.20.1, 1.20.2, 1.20.3
- Road narrows.
Directly before the narrowing there will be a special regulations sign (square on a blue background), but drivers will be warned with a triangular warning sign beyond 150 - 300 meters.
But it could be like this: there is a narrow tunnel or a narrow bridge or a viaduct ahead.
In a word, you’ll figure it out on the spot.
Sign 1.21– Two-way traffic.
You can drive all over Russia and never see such a sign, but the roads will be entirely two-way traffic.
Why are there no signs? Yes, because two-way traffic is the norm, and there is no need to specially warn about it.
It's not always one-way traffic. This is rare. And such a road will definitely be marked with an appropriate sign.
But what if one-way traffic suddenly turns into two-way traffic? Drivers must be warned about this metamorphosis.
Until the intersection, it is a one-way road, and so far no one is breaking the Rules.
But after the intersection it will already be a two-way road. And if now the driver of the white car does not change lanes to the right, he will drive in the oncoming lane.
But it may be so - signs suggest that drivers continue driving (scary to say!) along the roadway in the opposite direction. But this is temporary!
And, of course, people they met were also warned with signs - Attention! Temporarily there is two-way traffic on your roadway!
Sign 1.22- Crosswalk.
In populated areas there is no particular need to warn drivers that there is a pedestrian crossing ahead.
Well, except in those rare cases when the transition is not clearly visible.
Outside populated areas, a pedestrian crossing is almost always a surprise.
It seems like there is a forest on the left and right, and what should pedestrians do here? But no, they go about their pedestrian business here.
Pay attention to the placement of signs!
Behind 150 – 300 meters There is a warning sign before the crossing. No one crosses the road at this point; this sign is not for pedestrians. This sign is for you and me – for drivers.
We are warned:
There's a pedestrian crossing ahead!
Pedestrian crossing signs are completely different - square, with a blue background, and they stand directly on the borders of the crossing.
Sign 1.23- Children.
Children, as you know, are special people - they can play so hard that they don’t see anything around them.
And here it is - “the most terrible danger”!
This sign is installed on sections of roads passing along children's institutions. Moreover, as especially important, it is installed twice.
First at a distance of 90–100 meters, then again at a distance of no more than 50 m from the beginning of the dangerous area.
In this case, the repeated sign must be used with the already known plate 8.2.1 “Area of Operation”. As you understand, this is done so that drivers know the length of this “most dangerous section.”
Sign 1.24– Intersection with a bicycle path.
For the movement of cyclists, a special path can be built, located parallel to the main road.
But the paths of cyclists are mysterious. Sometimes they need to cross the roadway.
Notice the bike lane markings - square strokes with square spaces. If a zebra crossing is a pedestrian crossing, then this marking is a bicycle crossing. Well, or “bike crossing”, as you prefer.
This sign will warn drivers that there is an intersection with a bicycle path ahead.
You just need to know that the principle of “interference from the right” does not apply to such an intersection. And a cyclist won’t believe his eyes if speeding cars stop at once, and drivers with smiles begin to invite him to cross the roadway.
The same principle that applies to an unregulated pedestrian crossing is more likely to apply to this intersection - a cyclist can cross the roadway only after assessing whether he will create a danger to traffic.
So there is no need to stop. The rules in this case do not oblige drivers to give way.
At the same time, remember: The cyclist has not read the Rules, and he can drink while driving. Therefore, pay more attention and, just in case, make sure your right foot is in full readiness to move to the brake pedal.
Sign 1.25- Men at work.
Repair work is underway on the roadway ahead. Drivers will be warned about this with a corresponding sign.
Only now the situation has worsened, and in addition to construction materials, there are also road vehicles on the roadway.
Be careful, especially in the dark.
Sign 1.26- Cattle drive.Sign 1.27
- Wild animals.
In the first case, you are warned that domestic animals may appear on the road, and in the second - wild animals.
Dare I hope that you feel equally sorry for both?
Sign 1.28- Falling stones.
Of course, there are special services that monitor the condition of roads built in the mountains and strengthen the mountain slopes with all available means.
However, rocks sometimes fall.
This sign is not installed to make drivers look up. You need to look at the road and look carefully!
Suddenly some boulder has just fallen, they haven’t had time to remove it yet, and now it’s waiting for you in the middle of the road.
Sign 1.29- Side wind.
A car, of course, is not a yacht, but it can also “sail”. And if the “sail” area is large, then a strong side wind can even overturn the car.
Moreover, the higher the vehicle speed, the stronger the impact of the side wind.
When driving along such a section, the driver’s task is Slow down and watch how the car behaves.
Sign 1.30– Low-flying aircraft.
If there is such a sign, it means there is an airfield nearby.
And so close that planes fly right above you, deafening with the roar of their engines.
Get ready! Now you will need endurance and self-control!
Sign 1.31- Tunnel.
In the tunnel, movement is carried out in conditions of limited space and in the absence of daylight, and, therefore, in conditions with poorer visibility. At the same time, the most dangerous place in the tunnel is the entrance.
And if the tunnel has no lighting at all, or the entrance to the tunnel is poorly visible, then drivers, of course, must be warned about this danger.
The already familiar 8.2.1 “Area of Action” plate may be added to the sign to further inform drivers of the length of the tunnel.
Sign 1.32- Congestion.
Such a sign warns drivers that there is a traffic jam ahead, and now it is not too late to turn off and try their luck on another route.
Sign 1.33– Other dangers.
The “Other Hazards” sign was invented in case none of the signs listed above are suitable to indicate this particular hazard.
By the way, in my time, novice drivers marked their cars with just such a sign (humbly recognizing themselves as “another danger”).
Signs 1.34.1, 1.34.2, 1.34.3 – Direction of rotation.
The rules, it would seem, having provided for all possible dangers, nevertheless returned once again to the turns and paid special, increased attention to them.
A turn is, firstly, always a danger, and, secondly, it is always a different danger. The turn may have an unexpectedly small radius or, for example, the turn is smooth but infinitely long, or it is a turn at a multi-level road junction and is located high above the ground, which in itself is dangerous. And here the notorious “human factor” also intervenes - a cool, flat road, straight and straight all the time, to the right and to the left there is a monotonous lulling landscape, and how can you notice that there is no longer a straight road.
Such a sign is installed directly behind the intersection, it is visible from afar and warns drivers that the intersection is T-shaped, that there is no straight road, and further directions of movement are either to the right or to the left.
And yet, this also happens.
Well what can I say. All that remains is to remind you once again: attentiveness is the most important quality of a driver.
Signs with two arrows are used in cramped conditions, that is, in cases where a large sign (with four arrows) cannot be placed.
Signs with one arrow will be placed literally one after another along a long “endless” turn so that drivers, God forbid, do not abandon the steering wheel prematurely.
That's all there is to it about the warning signs.
All that remains is, as I promised, to talk about the signs marking the entrance to the railway crossing.
Signs marking the entrance to a railway crossing.
You, of course, have read (seen, heard) what grave consequences almost all accidents at crossings lead to. It is natural that the Rules contain a number of requirements establishing the procedure for traffic at the crossings themselves and near them. We will get acquainted with these requirements gradually during this course, but now our task is to understand how railway crossings are arranged and how the entrances to them are designed.
Sign 1.1 – Railway crossing with barrier.
This sign marks every crossing equipped with barriers. It is quite easy to remember that this is a crossing with a barrier - the sign depicts an obstacle (fence) - this is how the artists depicted the barrier in a stylized manner.
Barriers are installed on both sides of railway tracks, and in this case The railway crossing area is the distance between the barriers.
Sign 1.2 – Railway crossing without a barrier.
This sign designates every crossing that is not equipped with barriers. In this case, instead of barriers, there will be signs on both sides of the crossing informing drivers whether they have to cross only one railway track or several.
And again, let’s make a reservation right away - in this case, the railway crossing zone is the distance between these signs.
That’s why I always emphasize that there is a railway crossing zone.
The point is that in the future we will talk about what is prohibited at a crossing and what is prohibited before and after it. So, it is very important to understand that a railway crossing is precisely the distance between the barriers (if there are any) or between these signs (if there are no barriers
in populated areas.
If the road in a given direction has only one lane, and the crossing is clearly visible at a distance of at least 100 meters, the sign will be installed, as befits a warning sign, 50 - 100 meters before the start of the dangerous section (that is, in this case, 50 - 100 meters before the crossing).
If the crossing is visible at a distance of less than 100 meters, the sign will be duplicated.
The main sign will be on the right side of the road, and the backup sign will be on the left.
If the road is multi-lane, the sign is always duplicated, regardless of visibility of the crossing.
This is done in order to reliably warn both those driving in the right lane and those driving in the left lane that they are approaching a crossing.
Note. If there are two or more lanes in a given direction, the signs are always duplicated (both in a populated area and outside a populated area).
How are entrances to railway crossings designed?outside settlements.
Outside a populated area, drivers will be warned about approaching a crossing at least twice.
If the road in a given direction has one lane, and the crossing is clearly visible at a distance of at least 300 meters, the main sign will be installed, as it should be, 150 - 300 meters before the crossing.
But closer to the crossing (50 - 100 m away) the sign will definitely be repeated.
If the visibility of the crossing is insufficient (less than 300 meters), in this case the road outside the populated area Drivers will be warned that they are approaching a railway crossingthree times .
The first combination of signs (with three stripes) is installed 150 - 300 meters before the crossing.
The last combination of signs (with one stripe) is installed 50 - 100 meters before the crossing.
Exactly in the middle between them there will be a lonely sign with two stripes.
It is easy to guess that the red inclined stripes on the signs provide drivers with additional important information - the fewer stripes, the closer to the crossing.
In this case, the signs will definitely be duplicated, that is, they will be placed on both sides of the road.
On April 28, 2018, a new warning road sign 1.35 “Intersection Section” appeared in the family of warning signs.
It is a yellow square on a dark background with two intersecting diagonals.
Such a sign should be installed at the border of the intersection. Or no more than 30 meters to the border of the intersection.
Sign 1.35 – warning! And like all warning signs, it does not introduce any restrictions. He just warns drivers about what is at the intersection "waffle" marking .
Read about what “waffle” markings are and what they oblige drivers to do in topic 4.1 “Horizontal markings”.
Temporary warning signs.
In conclusion, we note that warning signs can be not only permanent, but also temporary. But not all of them, just some. In the Rules, these signs are listed in Appendix 1.
Rules. Appendix 1 "Road signs". There, at the very end (after the “Signs”) you can read the following: “The yellow background on signs 1.8, 1.15, 1.16, 1.18 – 1.21, 1.33, installed at road work sites, means that these signs are temporary.”
These are the signs.
And there the Rules specifically stipulated:
In cases where the meanings of temporary road signs and stationary road signs contradict each other ,
Drivers must follow temporary signs .
Complete table of traffic signs with explanations for 2018. Detailed comments on traffic signs for 2018.
Warning signs
Warning road signs in this group inform motorists about a dangerous section of the road that requires the driver to take action. In most cases, warning signs are a triangle with a red border.
Explanations of the 2018 Warning Signs
1.1 Railway crossing with barrier
They are installed in populated areas 50-100 m, outside populated areas 150-300 m before the start of the dangerous area. Approaching a railway crossing equipped with a barrier. The driver is obliged to slow down and assess the situation. This sign is duplicated only outside the populated area; the second sign is installed at a distance of at least 50 m before the start of the dangerous section.
1.2 Railway crossing without a barrier
They are installed in populated areas 50-100 m, outside populated areas 150-300 m before the start of the dangerous area. Approaching a railway crossing that is not equipped with a barrier. The driver is obliged to slow down and assess the situation. This sign is duplicated only outside the populated area; the second sign is installed at a distance of at least 50 m before the start of the dangerous section.
1.3.1 Single track railway
Installed directly in front of railway crossings without barriers. Approaching a single-track railway crossing that is not equipped with a barrier. Drivers are warned about the presence of a single-track railroad crossing that is not equipped with a barrier. The driver is obliged to slow down and assess the situation.
1.3.2 Multi-track railway
Installed directly in front of railway crossings without barriers. Approaching a multi-track railway crossing that is not equipped with a barrier. Drivers are warned about the presence of a railway crossing with several tracks that is not equipped with a barrier. The driver is obliged to slow down and assess the situation.
1.4.1 - 1.4.6 Approaching a railway crossing
Additional warning about approaching a railway crossing outside populated areas. This sign can be installed simultaneously on the right and left sides of the road (the inclined red stripe is directed towards the roadway). Signs are installed:
- 1.4.1, 1.4.4 - for 150 - 300 meters
- 1.4.2, 1.4.5 - for 100 - 200 meters
- 1.4.3, 1.4.6 - for 50 - 100 meters
1.5 Intersection with tram line
They are installed in populated areas 50-100 m, outside populated areas 150-300 m before the start of the dangerous area. Warns of approaching an intersection with tram tracks outside the intersection or before the intersection when visibility of the tram tracks is limited (less than 50 m). When approaching such an intersection, the driver must be especially careful, since in most cases the tram has the right of way, that is, the driver must give way to the tram. The driver is obliged to slow down and assess the situation.
1.6 Intersection of equivalent roads
They are installed in populated areas 50-100 m, outside populated areas 150-300 m before the start of the dangerous area. Can be equipped with a pedestrian crossing. You must give way to any vehicles approaching from the right and to pedestrians. The driver is obliged to slow down and assess the situation.
1.7 Roundabout
They are installed in populated areas 50-100 m, outside populated areas 150-300 m before the start of the dangerous area. Warns when approaching a roundabout. The movement in the ring goes counterclockwise. The driver is advised to reduce speed and assess the situation.
1.8 Traffic light regulation
They are installed in populated areas 50-100 m, outside populated areas 150-300 m before the start of the dangerous area. Warns about an intersection, pedestrian crossing or other section of the road where traffic is regulated by a traffic light. The driver is advised to reduce speed and assess the situation.
1.9 Drawbridge
They are installed in populated areas 50-100 m, outside populated areas 150-300 m before the start of the dangerous area. Drawbridge or ferry crossing. When entering the ferry, you must follow the instructions of the ferry duty officer, allowing vehicles leaving the ferry to pass. The driver is advised to reduce speed and assess the situation. This sign is duplicated only outside the populated area; the second sign is installed at a distance of at least 50 m before the start of the dangerous section.
1.10 Departure to the embankment
They are installed in populated areas 50-100 m, outside populated areas 150-300 m before the start of the dangerous area. Departure to the embankment or shore. They warn drivers about going to an embankment, river bank, or lake, where there is a danger of the vehicle sliding into the water. The driver is advised to reduce speed and assess the situation. This sign is duplicated only outside the populated area; the second sign is installed at a distance of at least 50 m before the start of the dangerous section.
1.11.1, 1.11.2 Dangerous turn
They are installed in populated areas 50-100 m, outside populated areas 150-300 m before the start of the dangerous area. Curving road with a small radius or with limited visibility to the right. The driver must remember that in such areas such maneuvers as overtaking, turning around and reversing are prohibited. The driver is obliged to slow down and assess the situation.
1.12.1, 1.12.2 Dangerous turns
They are installed in populated areas 50-100 m, outside populated areas 150-300 m before the start of the dangerous area. They warn you about approaching a section of road with two dangerous turns following each other. The driver must remember that in such areas such maneuvers as overtaking, turning around and reversing are prohibited. The driver is obliged to slow down and assess the situation.
1.13 Steep descent
1.14 Steep climb
The numbers indicate the slope in hundredths. Features: in case of difficult oncoming traffic, the driver moving downhill must give way.
1.15 Slippery road
A section of road with increased slipperiness of the roadway. The driver must reduce speed.
1.16 Rough Road
A section of road that has unevenness on the roadway (undulations, potholes, uneven junctions with bridges, etc.).
1.17 Artificial hump
Warns of artificial bumps on the road.
1.18 Gravel release
A section of road where gravel, crushed stone and the like can be thrown out from under the wheels of vehicles.
1.19 Dangerous roadside
A section of road where pulling off to the side of the road is dangerous.
1.20.1 - 1.20.3 Narrowing of the road
- 1.20.1 Narrowing of the road on both sides.
- 1.20.2 Narrowing of the road on the right side.
- 1.20.3 Narrowing of the road on the left side.
1.21 Two-way traffic
The beginning of a section of road (roadway) with oncoming traffic.
1.22 Pedestrian crossing
Approaching an unregulated pedestrian crossing.
1.23 Children
A section of road near a child care facility (school, health camp, etc.), on the roadway of which children may appear.
1.24 Intersection with a bicycle path or pedestrian path
Warns about crossing a bicycle or pedestrian path.
1.25 Road works
Warns of road works nearby.
1.26 Cattle drive
Warns that livestock may be driven nearby.
1.27 Wild animals
They warn that wild animals may run onto the road.
1.28 Falling stones
A section of road where avalanches, landslides, and falling rocks are possible.
1.29 Side wind
Warns of strong cross winds. It is necessary to reduce your speed and stay as close as possible to the center of the lane you occupy, so that in case of a rush you do not end up on the side of the road or in the oncoming lane.
1.30 Low-flying aircraft
Warns of low-flying aircraft.
1.31 Tunnel
A tunnel in which there is no artificial lighting, or a tunnel in which the visibility of the entrance portal is limited. Before entering a tunnel, you must turn on the low or high beam headlights (so that if the lighting in the tunnel is turned off, you will not find yourself on a moving car in a dark space).
1.32 Congestion
A section of road where there is a traffic jam.
1.33 Other hazards
A section of road that contains hazards that are not indicated by other warning signs.
1.34.1, 1.34.2 Direction of rotation
1.34.3 Direction of rotation
Direction of movement on a curved road of small radius with limited visibility. Direction to bypass the road section being repaired.
Priority signs
Priority signs indicate the order of passage of a particular section of the road/intersection: which of the vehicle drivers can pass first, and who must pass. In most cases, priority signs are made in a triangle (adjacent road, give way), but there are also diamond-shaped, hexagonal (STOP), round (advantage to oncoming traffic) and square (advantage to oncoming traffic).
Explanations for the 2018 Priority Signs
2.1 Main road
A road on which the driver has priority at intersections. Cancelled by 2.2
2.2 End of main road
Cancels sign 2.1
2.3.1 Intersection with a minor road
Warns about the proximity of intersections with secondary roads on the right and left simultaneously
2.3.2 - 2.3.7 Junction of a secondary road
- 2.3.2 Warns about the proximity of a secondary road on the right
- 2.3.3 Warns about the proximity of a secondary road on the left
- 2.3.4 Warns about the proximity of a secondary road on the right
- 2.3.5 Warns about the proximity of a secondary road on the left
- 2.3.6 Warns about the proximity of a secondary road on the right
- 2.3.7 Warns about the proximity of a secondary road on the left
2.4 Give way
The driver must give way to vehicles moving on the road being crossed, and, if there is a sign 8.13, on the main road.
2.5 Driving without stopping is prohibited
It is prohibited to drive without stopping in front of the stop line, and if there is none, in front of the edge of the intersecting roadway. The driver must give way to vehicles moving along the intersection, and if there is a sign 8.13 - along the main road. Sign 2.5 can be installed in front of a railway crossing or quarantine post. In these cases, the driver must stop in front of the stop line, and if there is no stop line, in front of the sign.
2.6 Advantage of oncoming traffic
It is prohibited to enter a narrow section of the road if it may impede oncoming traffic. The driver must give way to oncoming vehicles located in a narrow area or the opposite entrance to it. If a motorcycle without a sidecar is moving towards you, and it is possible to pass it in a narrow area, then you can continue driving.
2.7 Advantage over oncoming traffic
The driver has the right to pass the narrow section of the road first.
Prohibition signs
Prohibiting traffic signs determine restrictions on the movement of certain vehicles in certain areas/traffic conditions. Almost all of them are made in a round shape with a red border (except for those that remove movement restrictions).
Explanations for Prohibition Signs 2018
3.1 Entry prohibited
Entry of all vehicles in this direction is prohibited. This road sign can be seen on one-way roads, at the entrance opposite the direction of travel. Valid until the first intersection.
3.2 No movement
All vehicles are prohibited. The exception is public transport vehicles and cars that transport disabled people. Valid until the first intersection.
3.3 Motor vehicles are prohibited
The movement of motor vehicles is prohibited. Valid until the first intersection.
3.4 Truck traffic is prohibited
It is prohibited to drive trucks with a maximum permitted weight indicated on the sign (if there is no weight on the sign - no more than 3.5 tons). Valid until the first intersection.
3.5 Motorcycles are prohibited
The movement of two-wheeled motor vehicles (except mopeds) is prohibited. Valid until the first intersection.
3.6 Tractor traffic is prohibited
Tractor traffic is prohibited. Valid until the first intersection.
3.7 Driving with a trailer is prohibited
Trucks and tractors with trailers of any kind are prohibited, and towing of vehicles is prohibited. Valid until the first intersection.
3.8 The movement of horse-drawn vehicles is prohibited
The movement of horse-drawn vehicles of any type, as well as pack and riding animals is prohibited. Valid until the first intersection.
3.9 Bicycles are prohibited
Bicycles and mopeds are prohibited. Valid until the first intersection.
3.10 Pedestrian traffic is prohibited
Pedestrian traffic is prohibited. Valid until the first intersection.
3.11 Weight limitation
The movement of vehicles (including trailers) whose total actual weight is greater than the number on the sign is prohibited. Valid until the first intersection.
3.12 Limitation of weight per vehicle axle
It is prohibited to drive vehicles whose total actual weight on any axle exceeds the number on the sign. Valid until the first intersection. For a two-axle vehicle, the front axle accounts for 1/3 of the mass, and the rear axle accounts for 2/3. If there are more than 2 axles, then the mass is distributed evenly across them.
3.13 Height limitation
The entry of any vehicle whose dimensions (with or without cargo) exceed the established height is prohibited. Valid until the first intersection.
3.14 Width limitation
The entry of any vehicle whose dimensions (with or without cargo) exceeds the established figure for width is prohibited. Valid until the first intersection.
3.15 Length limitation
The entry of any vehicle whose dimensions (with or without cargo) exceed the established length is prohibited. Valid until the first intersection.
3.16 Minimum distance limitation
Sets the minimum distance between vehicles. Valid until the first intersection or sign 3.31.
3.17.1 Customs
It is prohibited to travel without stopping at the checkpoint (customs).
3.17.2 Danger
The passage of all vehicles is prohibited due to an accident, fire, etc.
3.17.3 Control
Driving through checkpoints without stopping is prohibited.
3.18.1 Turning right is prohibited
The sign prohibits right turns and is valid until the first intersection. Only straight and left are allowed.
3.18.2 Turning left is prohibited
The sign only prohibits left turns and is valid until the first intersection. Driving straight, to the right and in the opposite direction is allowed.
3.19 U-turn prohibited
Turning of all vehicles is prohibited.
3.20 Overtaking is prohibited
Overtaking of all vehicles is prohibited. Overtaking of all vehicles is prohibited, except for slow-moving vehicles, horse-drawn carts, mopeds and two-wheeled motorcycles without sidecars. Valid until the first intersection, or until signs 3.21 and 3.31.
3.21 End of no-overtaking zone
Cancels the effect of sign 3.20
3.22 Overtaking by trucks is prohibited
Overtaking of all vehicles is prohibited for vehicles with a permissible maximum weight of more than 3.5 tons. Valid until the first intersection, or until signs 3.23 and 3.31. It is also prohibited to overtake single vehicles if they are moving at a speed of no more than 30 km/h. Tractors are prohibited from overtaking all vehicles except horse-drawn carts and bicycles.
3.23 End of the no-overtaking zone for trucks
Cancels the effect of sign 3.22
3.24 Maximum speed limit
It is prohibited to travel at a speed exceeding that indicated on the sign. Valid until the first intersection, or until signs 3.25 or 3.31, as well as until sign 3.24 with a different numerical value.
3.25 End of maximum speed limit zone
Cancels the effect of sign 3.24
3.26 Sound signal is prohibited
It is prohibited to sound a sound signal except in cases where it is necessary to prevent an accident. Valid until the first intersection or sign 3.31.
3.27 Stopping is prohibited
Stopping and parking of vehicles is prohibited.
3.28 Parking prohibited
Parking of all vehicles is prohibited.
3.29 Parking is prohibited on odd days of the month
Parking of all vehicles on odd days of the month is prohibited.
3.30 Parking is prohibited on even days of the month
Parking of all vehicles on even days of the month is prohibited.
3.31 End of all restrictions zone
Cancels the effect of signs 3.16, 3.20, 3.22, 3.24, 3.26-3.30
3.32 The movement of vehicles with dangerous goods is prohibited
The movement of vehicles equipped with “Dangerous Goods” identification signs is prohibited. Valid until the first intersection
3.33 The movement of vehicles with explosive and flammable cargo is prohibited
The movement of vehicles transporting explosives and products, as well as other dangerous goods subject to marking as flammable, is prohibited, except in cases of transportation of these dangerous substances and products in limited quantities, determined in the manner established by special transportation rules. Valid until the first intersection.
Mandatory signs
Mandatory traffic signs show mandatory directions of movement or allow certain categories of participants to move on the roadway or certain sections of it, and also introduce or cancel certain restrictions. They are made in a round shape with a blue background, with the exception of three rectangular signs specifically for vehicles with dangerous goods.
Explanations for Prescriptive Signs 2018
4.1.1 Driving straight
Movement is only allowed straight ahead. It is also allowed to turn right into courtyards.
4.1.2 Driving to the right
Movement is only allowed to the right.
4.1.3 Driving left
Driving only to the left or turning is permitted unless markings or other road signs indicate otherwise.
4.1.4 Driving straight or right
Movement is only allowed straight or to the right.
4.1.5 Driving straight or left
Movement is only allowed straight ahead, to the left, and turns are also allowed unless markings or other road signs indicate otherwise.
4.1.6 Driving right or left
Driving is only allowed to the left or right, and U-turns are also permitted unless markings or other road signs indicate otherwise.
4.2.1 Avoiding obstacles on the right
Detour is allowed only on the right.
4.2.2 Avoiding obstacles on the left
Detour is allowed only on the left.
4.2.3 Avoiding obstacles on the right or left
Detour is permitted from any direction.
4.3 Circular motion
Movement in the direction indicated by the arrows is permitted.
4.4.1 Cycle path or lane for cyclists
Only bicycles and mopeds are allowed. Pedestrians can also use the bike path (if there is no sidewalk or pedestrian path).
4.4.2 End of a cycle path or cycle lane
4.5.1 Pedestrian path
Only pedestrian traffic is allowed.
4.5.2 Pedestrian and bicycle path with combined traffic (cycle and pedestrian path with combined traffic)
4.5.3 End of a pedestrian and bicycle path with combined traffic (end of a bicycle and pedestrian path with combined traffic)
4.5.4, 4.5.5 Pedestrian and bicycle path with traffic separation
4.5.6, 4.5.7 End of segregated pedestrian and cycle path (end of segregated cycle/pedestrian path)
4.6 Minimum speed limit
Driving is only permitted at the specified speed or higher (km/h).
4.7 End of minimum speed limit zone
Cancels previously introduced speed limits.
4.8.1-4.8.3 Direction of movement of vehicles with dangerous goods
The movement of vehicles equipped with “Dangerous Goods” identification signs is permitted only in the direction indicated on the sign.
- 4.8.1 - straight.4
- 4.8.2 - to the right.
- 4.8.3 - to the left.
Special regulations signs introduce or cancel certain traffic modes. As a rule, these signs are made in the form of a blue square with a white pattern. An exception is the designation of highways, populated areas, as well as individual clarifying signs of special traffic zones.
Explanations for the Signs of Special Requirements 2018
5.1 Motorway
A road on which the requirements of the Rules establishing the procedure for driving on highways apply.
5.2 End of the motorway
Cancels the effect of sign 5.1
5.3 Road for cars
A road intended for use only by cars, buses and motorcycles.
5.4 End of the road for cars
Cancels the effect of sign 5.3
5.5 One-way road
A road or carriageway along which vehicle traffic across its entire width is carried out in one direction. In the opposite direction there is usually a sign
3.1. Valid until signs 1.21 and 5.6.
Cancels the effect of sign 5.5
5.7.1, 5.7.2 Entering a one-way road
Entering a one-way road or carriageway
5.8 Reverse movement
The beginning of a section of road where one or more lanes may change direction to the opposite direction.
5.9 End of reverse movement
Cancels the effect of sign 5.8.
5.10 Entering a road with reverse traffic
Entering a road or carriageway with reverse traffic.
5.11.1 Road with a lane for route vehicles
A road along which route vehicles move along a specially designated lane facing the flow of vehicles.
5.11.2 Road with a lane for cyclists
A road on which the movement of cyclists and moped drivers is carried out in a specially designated lane towards the general flow of vehicles.
5.12.1 End of the road with a lane for route vehicles
Cancels the effect of sign 5.11.1
5.12.2 End of road with bicycle lane
Cancels the effect of sign 5.11.2
5.13.1, 5.13.2 Entering a road with a lane for route vehicles
5.13.3, 5.13.4 Entering a road with a lane for cyclists
5.14 Lane for route vehicles
A lane intended for the movement of only route vehicles moving in the same direction as the general flow of vehicles. The effect of the sign extends to the strip above which it is located. The effect of a sign installed on the right of the road extends to the right lane.
5.14.1 End of lane for route vehicles
Cancels the effect of sign 5.14
5.15.1 Lane directions
The number of lanes and permitted directions of movement on each of them.
5.15.2 Lane directions
Permitted lane directions.
5.15.3 Start of strip
The beginning of an additional uphill or braking lane. If the sign installed in front of the additional lane shows sign 4.6, then the driver of a vehicle who cannot continue driving in the main lane at the indicated speed or higher must change lanes to the lane located to his right.
5.15.4 Start of strip
The beginning of the middle section of a three-lane road intended for traffic in a given direction. If sign 5.15.4 shows a sign prohibiting the movement of any vehicles, then the movement of these vehicles in the corresponding lane is prohibited.
5.15.5 End of lane
The end of an additional uphill lane or acceleration lane.
5.15.6 End of lane
The end of a section of the middle strip on a three-lane road intended for traffic in a given direction.
5.15.7 Lane direction
If sign 5.15.7 shows a sign prohibiting the movement of any vehicles, then the movement of these vehicles in the corresponding lane is prohibited. Signs 5.15.7 with the appropriate number of arrows can be used on roads with four or more lanes.
5.15.8 Number of lanes
Indicates the number of lanes and lane modes. The driver is obliged to comply with the requirements of the signs marked on the arrows.
5.16 Bus and (or) trolleybus stop location
5.17 Tram stop location
5.18 Taxi parking area
5.19.1, 5.19.2 Pedestrian crossing
5.19.1 If there is no marking 1.14.1 or 1.14.2 at the crossing, it is installed to the right of the road at the nearest border of the crossing.
5.19.2 If there is no marking at the crossing, 1.14.1 or 1.14.2 is installed to the left of the road on the far border of the crossing.
5.20 Artificial hump
Indicates the boundaries of an artificial roughness. The sign is installed at the nearest boundary of the artificial hump relative to approaching vehicles.
5.21 Residential area
The territory in which the requirements of the Road Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation are in force, establishing the rules of traffic in a residential area.
5.22 End of residential area
Cancels the effect of sign 5.21
5.23.1, 5.23.2 Beginning of a populated area
The beginning of a populated area in which the requirements of the Road Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation are in force, establishing the procedure for traffic in populated areas.
5.24.1, 5.24.2 End of a populated area
The place from which on a given road the requirements of the Road Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation, establishing the procedure for traffic in populated areas, cease to apply.
5.25 Beginning of the settlement
The beginning of a populated area in which the requirements of the Road Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation, which establish traffic rules in populated areas, do not apply on this road.
5.26 End of a settlement
The end of the settlement indicated by sign 5.25
5.27 Restricted parking zone
The place from which the territory (section of the road) begins where parking is prohibited.
5.28 End of restricted parking zone
Cancels the effect of sign 5.27
5.29 Regulated parking zone
The place from which the territory (section of the road) begins, where parking is permitted and regulated with the help of signs and markings.
5.30 End of regulated parking zone
Cancels the effect of sign 5.29
5.31 Speed limit zone
The place from which the territory (section of the road) begins where the maximum speed is limited.
5.32 End of speed limit zone
Cancels the effect of sign 5.31
5.33 Pedestrian zone
The place from which the territory (section of the road) begins where only pedestrian traffic is allowed.
5.34 End of the pedestrian zone
Cancels the effect of sign 5.33
Information signs
Information signs inform road users about the location of populated areas and other objects, as well as established or recommended traffic modes. Most often they are made in the form of blue rectangles:
with arrows pointing to the corresponding objects
distance to relevant objects
features or driving modes
An exception is bright yellow temporary obstacle avoidance signs (including those due to ongoing road works, etc.)
Explanations for Information Signs 2018
6.1 General maximum speed limits
General speed limits established by the Road Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation.
The speed at which it is recommended to drive on this section of the road. The sign's coverage area extends to the nearest intersection, and when sign 6.2 is used together with a warning sign, it is determined by the length of the dangerous area.
6.3.1 Turning space
Indicates where to turn.
6.3.2 Turning area
Length of the turning area.
6.4 Parking (parking space)
This sign permits the parking of all vehicles Cars, Buses and Motorcycles.
6.5 Emergency stop lane
Emergency stop strip on a steep descent.
6.6 Underground pedestrian crossing
Indicates a place where pedestrians can safely cross the road using an underground pedestrian crossing.
6.7 Overhead pedestrian crossing
Indicates a location where pedestrians can safely cross the road using an elevated pedestrian crossing.
6.8.1 - 6.8.3 Deadlock
Indicates a section of the road where through traffic is not possible, without prohibiting traffic in the direction of the dead end.
6.9.1 Advance direction indicator
Directions to the settlements and other objects indicated on the sign. The signs may contain images of sign 6.14.1, highway symbols, airport symbols and other pictograms. The sign may contain images of other signs informing about traffic patterns. At the bottom of the sign, the distance from the location of the sign to the intersection or the beginning of the deceleration lane is indicated. The sign is also used to indicate a detour around sections of roads on which one of the prohibition signs 3.11-3.15 is installed.
6.9.2 Advance direction indicator
Direction of movement to the settlements and other objects indicated on the sign.
6.9.3 Traffic pattern
The route of movement when certain maneuvers are prohibited at an intersection or permitted directions of movement at a complex intersection.
6.10.1 Direction indicator
Driving directions to route points. Signs may indicate the distance to the objects indicated on it (km), and include symbols of a highway, airport, and others.
6.10.2 Direction indicator
Direction of movement to route points. Signs may indicate the distance to the objects indicated on it (km), and include symbols of a highway, airport, and others.
6.11 Name of the object
The name of an object other than a populated area (river, lake, pass, landmark, etc.).
6.12 Distance indicator
Distance (in kilometers) to settlements located along the route.
6.13 Kilometer sign
Distance (in kilometers) to the beginning or end of the road.
6.14.1, 6.14.2 Route number
6.14.1 Number assigned to the road (route).
6.14.2 Number and direction of the road (route).
6.15.1 - 6.15.3 Direction of movement for trucks
6.16 Stop line
The place where vehicles stop when there is a prohibiting traffic light signal (traffic controller).
6.17 Detour scheme
Route to bypass a section of road temporarily closed to traffic.
6.18.1 - 6.18.3 Detour direction
Direction to bypass a section of road temporarily closed to traffic.
6.19.1, 6.19.2 Advance indicator for changing lanes onto another carriageway
The direction to bypass a section of the roadway closed to traffic on a road with a dividing strip or the direction of movement to return to the right roadway.
6.20.1, 6.20.2 Emergency exit
Indicates the place in the tunnel where the emergency exit is located.
6.21.1, 6.21.2 Direction of movement to emergency exit
Indicates the direction to the emergency exit and the distance to it.
Service marks
The effect of all service signs, without exception, is purely informational in nature and does not oblige drivers to anything. These signs are used to inform road users about the presence of certain opportunities along their route that they can use if desired (or if necessary). The symbols and inscriptions on the signs are clear, although a little comment is still required.
Explanations for the Service Marks 2018
7.1 Medical aid station
7.2 Hospital
7.3 Gas station
7.4 Vehicle maintenance
7.5 Car washing
7.6 Telephone
7.7 Food station
7.8 Drinking water
7.9 Hotel or motel
7.10 Camping
7.11 Rest place
7.12 Road patrol post
7.13 Police
7.14 International road transport control point
7.15 Reception area of a radio station transmitting traffic information
A section of road on which radio station broadcasts are received at the frequency indicated on the sign.
7.16 Radio communication zone with emergency services
A section of road on which a radio communication system with emergency services operates in the civilian 27 MHz band.
7.17 Pool or beach
7.18 Toilet
7.19 Emergency telephone
Indicates the location where the telephone for calling emergency services is located.
7.20 Fire extinguisher
Indicates the location of the fire extinguisher.
Additional information signs (clarification signs)
Signs, with certain exceptions, are not used separately, but always in combination with any of the main signs. Designed to expand (clarify) the operation of certain road signs.
Explanations for Additional Information Signs (clarification plates) 2018
8.1.1 Distance to object
The distance from the sign to the beginning of the dangerous section, the place where the corresponding restriction is introduced, or a certain object (place) located ahead in the direction of travel is indicated.
8.1.2 Distance to object
Indicates the distance from sign 2.4 to the intersection if sign 2.5 is installed immediately before the intersection.
8.1.3, 8.1.4 Distance to object
Indicates the distance to an object located off the road.
8.2.1 Coverage
Indicates the length of a dangerous section of the road, indicated by warning signs, or the coverage area of prohibitory and information signs.
8.2.2 - 8.2.6 Coverage
8.2.2 Indicates the coverage area of prohibitory signs 3.27-3.30.
8.2.3 Indicates the end of the coverage area of signs 3.27-3.30.
8.2.4 Informs drivers that they are in the coverage area of signs 3.27-3.30.
8.2.5, 8.2.6 Indicate the direction and coverage area of signs 3.27-3.30 when stopping or parking is prohibited along one side of the square, the facade of a building, etc.
8.3.1 - 8.3.3 Directions of action
Indicate the direction of action of signs installed in front of the intersection or the direction of movement to designated objects located directly next to the road.
8.4.1 - 8.4.8 Type of vehicle
Indicate the type of vehicle to which the sign applies:
- Table 8.4.1 extends the sign to trucks, including those with a trailer, with a permissible maximum weight of more than 3.5 tons.
- Plate 8.4.3 - for passenger cars, as well as trucks with a permissible maximum weight of up to 3.5 tons.
- Plate 8.4.8 - for vehicles equipped with “Dangerous Goods” identification signs.
8.4.9 - 8.4.14 In addition to the type of vehicle
Indicate the type of vehicle that is not covered by the sign.
8.5.1 Saturdays, Sundays and holidays
8.5.2 Working days
Indicate the days of the week during which the sign is valid.
8.5.3 Days of the week
Indicate the days of the week during which the sign is valid.
8.5.4 Duration
Indicates the time of day during which the sign is valid.
8.5.5 - 8.5.7 Duration
Indicate the days of the week and time of day during which the sign is valid.
8.6.1 - 8.6.9 Method of parking the vehicle
Indicate the method of parking cars and motorcycles near the sidewalk.
8.7 Parking with the engine not running
Indicates that in a parking lot marked with sign 6.4, parking of vehicles only with the engine not running is permitted.
8.8 Paid services
Indicates that services are provided for a fee only.
8.9 Limitation of parking duration
Indicates the maximum duration of a vehicle's stay in a parking lot indicated by sign 6.4.
8.10 Vehicle inspection area
Indicates that there is an overpass or inspection ditch on the site marked with sign 6.4 or 7.11.
8.11 Maximum weight limit
Indicates that the sign applies only to vehicles with a permissible maximum weight greater than that indicated on the plate.
8.12 Dangerous shoulder
Warns that going to the side of the road is dangerous due to repair work being carried out on it. Used with sign 1.25.
8.13 Main road direction
Indicates the direction of the main road at an intersection.
8.14 Traffic lane
Indicates the lane covered by a sign or traffic light.
8.15 Blind pedestrians
Indicates that the pedestrian crossing is used by the blind. Used with signs 1.22,5.19.1, 5.19.2 and traffic lights.
8.16 Wet coating
Indicates that the sign applies to the period of time when the roadway surface is wet.
8.17 Disabled people
Indicates that the effect of sign 6.4 applies only to motorized wheelchairs and cars on which “Disabled” identification signs are installed.
8.18 Except for disabled people
Indicates that the action of the signs does not apply to motorized wheelchairs and cars on which the “Disabled” identification signs are installed.
8.19 Class of dangerous goods
Indicates the number of the class (classes) of dangerous goods according to GOST 19433-88.
8.20.1, 8.20.2 Type of vehicle bogie
Used with sign 3.12. Indicates the number of adjacent axles of the vehicle, for each of which the mass indicated on the sign is the maximum permissible.
8.21.1 - 8.21.3 Type of route vehicle
Used with sign 6.4. Designate the parking area for vehicles at metro stations, bus (trolleybus) or tram stops, where a transfer to the appropriate type of transport is possible.
8.22.1 - 8.22.3 Obstacle
They indicate the obstacle and the direction to avoid it. Used with signs 4.2.1-4.2.3.
8.23 Photo and video recording
Used with signs 1.1, 1.2, 1.8, 1.22, 3.1-3.7, 3.18.1, 3.18.2, 3.19, 3.20, 3.22, 3.24, 3.27-3.30, 5.14, 5.21, 5.27 and 5.31, as well as with traffic lights. Indicates that in the coverage area of a road sign or on a given section of the road, administrative offenses can be recorded using automatic special technical means that have the functions of photography, filming and video recording, or by means of photography, filming and video recording.
8.24 The tow truck is working
Indicates that a vehicle is being detained in the area of operation of road signs 3.27-3.30.
We had barely managed to publish the previous review material when the preliminary national standard “PNST 247-2017 Experimental technical means of traffic management” became available. Standard sizes of road signs. Types and rules for using additional road signs. General provisions."
You can download the entire document link, and below we will consider what will be of interest directly to drivers.
To create a comfortable urban environment and improve visibility, the following standard sizes of road signs are recommended:
- “500” - on a low-speed road network;
- “400” - in the central parts of cities, in places of dense and historical buildings, as well as along bicycle lanes, bicycle and pedestrian zones located in any part of the city.
New standard sizes of road signs
New road signs 2018
Signs prohibiting stopping and parking (3.27d, 3.28d, 3.29d, 3.30d)
They are installed perpendicular to the main road signs, including on the walls of buildings and fences. Arrows indicate the boundaries of areas where parking and stopping are prohibited.
Additional stop and no parking signs
Entry to the intersection in case of congestion is prohibited
Additional visual designation of intersections or sections of the roadway on which markings 3.34d are applied, prohibiting driving into a busy intersection and thereby creating obstacles for the movement of vehicles in the transverse direction. The sign is installed before the intersection of roadways. 
Entry to the intersection in case of congestion is prohibited
As noted in the previous review, the document should and does contain a description of the sign that stipulates the prohibition of entering the intersection. In addition, the sign is an addition to the markings. That is, if there is no marking to determine an offense, you cannot refer to this sign.
Reverse movement
It is used on sections of roads where traffic in directions other than the opposite direction is prohibited.
Reverse movement
Frankly, I don’t remember such intersections. If you know such examples, write in the comments or in the VKontakte group.
Dedicated tram lane
To increase the efficiency of trams, it is allowed to install 5.14d signs above the tram tracks while simultaneously separating the tracks with markings 1.1 or 1.2. 
Dedicated tram lane
A sign already familiar to us. Installing it is not required. There is currently no sign in the rules. It will probably mean a ban on tram tracks.
Directions for public transport
Designates a dedicated lane in front of an intersection in cases where it is impossible for route vehicles to move along the dedicated lane in the forward direction. 
Directions for public transport
Lane direction
Inform the driver about the permitted directions of movement along the lanes. Free placement of booms is allowed depending on the trajectory and number of directions of movement from the lane.
The shape of the lines on the signs must correspond to the road markings. Additional information signs (priority signs, prohibition of entry or through passage, etc.) may be placed on the arrows.
Lane direction
The variations of the “Lane Direction” signs are significantly expanding, which makes it possible to more accurately indicate the traffic pattern at the intersection. The application of images is also quite free. Perhaps even a picture of a tram.
Lane direction
They inform the driver about the permitted directions of movement in a separate lane. 
Lane direction
Brother of the "Direction of Lanes" sign with the difference that each sign is installed above each lane. This means there is more space for posting information, as well as more responsibility for the organizers of the movement. The absence of even one such sign can create complete confusion at the intersection.
Perhaps we can now begin checking the authors and initiators of the introduction of these new signs. They claim that all signs and images on them are intuitive. Below is a visualization of their use, but for now try to imagine the road situations where such signs can be used.
Let's continue.
Start of the strip
Drivers are informed about the appearance of an additional lane(s). It is possible to display additional driving modes and lane assignments for maneuver.
Signs are installed at the beginning of a stretch of a starting lane or at the beginning of a transition marking line. Signs can also be used to indicate the beginning of a new lane at the end of a dedicated lane.
Signs 5.15.3 without the index “d” according to the current standard can only be used to indicate an additional acceleration lane. However, their use today is much wider.
Start of the strip
Often, when organizing traffic, special additional lanes are installed, intended only for turning or turning around. Now such information is available to the driver immediately when a new lane appears on the roadway.
End of the strip
They inform the driver about the end of the lane, visually highlighting the priority. Signs are installed at the beginning of the strip of the ending lane or at the beginning of the transition marking line. 
End of the strip
The “End of lane” sign has undergone only visual changes, where changing into the adjacent lane is more clearly expressed and which clearly indicates the priority of movement along the lane that has an extension.
Changing lanes onto a parallel roadway
Inform drivers about traffic priorities when changing lanes onto a parallel roadway. Used in addition to the main priority signs 2.1 and 2.4. 
Changing lanes onto a parallel roadway
The new signs really don't require any comment. Please note that a median does not necessarily separate oncoming traffic.
End of parallel carriageway
Inform drivers about traffic priorities when merging parallel roadways. Used in addition to the main priority signs 2.1 and 2.4. 
End of parallel carriageway
Another additional priority indicator when merging adjacent roadways.
Combined stop and route sign
For the convenience of public transport passengers, a combined stop sign and route indicator can be used. 
Combined stop and route sign
Crosswalk
Installation of additional attention frames is allowed only around signs 5.19.1d, 5.19.2d at unregulated pedestrian crossings and at crossings located in places without artificial lighting or limited visibility.
It is recommended to install frames whose width is proportional to the size of the sign and is no more than 15% of the width and height of the standard size used. 
Crosswalk
In an effort to attract attention to pedestrian crossings, road signs began to be thoughtlessly framed with reflective frames, so that road signs began to look like billboards. Now the sizes of frames and places of their use are regulated.
Diagonal pedestrian crossing
Used to designate intersections where pedestrians are allowed to cross diagonally.
Sign 5.19.3d is installed in front of a diagonal pedestrian crossing and replaces signs 5.19.1d, 5.19.2d. An information sign is installed under the pedestrian section. 
Crosswalk
For more than two years, diagonal pedestrian crossings have been prescribed in the Traffic Rules, and now the designation of such crossings has also appeared.
Give in to everyone and you can turn right
Allows right turns regardless of traffic lights, provided that priority is given to other road users.
It is installed on the traffic light on the right side at the level of the red and yellow signals.
The width of the sign is equal to the width of the section, and the height is the height of the two sections of the corresponding traffic light.
Can be used outside areas with heavy traffic of pedestrians and/or cyclists. 
Give in to everyone and you can turn right
One of the controversial issues. According to the authors of the experiment, not a single accident was recorded at intersections where such a sign was used and a right turn on a red traffic light was allowed. And now a new road sign has made its way into the standard. We are expecting amendments to the Traffic Rules.
Driving directions at the next intersection
Indicates the direction of movement along the lanes of the next intersection. The use of these signs is allowed if the distance to the next intersection is no more than 200 meters, and the specialization of the lanes at it differs from the intersection at which these signs are installed.
Signs are allowed to be installed only above the main signs 5.15.2 “Direction of lanes”. 
Driving directions at the next intersection
Another controversial new road sign. On the one hand, there is additional information, on the other hand, is there too much of it? Eight road signs in one plane, not counting traffic lights.
Bicycle and pedestrian zone
Used to designate an area (section of the road) where only pedestrians and cyclists are allowed to move in cases where pedestrians and cyclists are not separated into separate streams.
The sign is installed in places where vehicles can enter. 
Bicycle and pedestrian zone
End of the bicycle/pedestrian zone
Installed at all exits from the territory (road section) marked with sign 5.37 “Bicycle and pedestrian zone”.
It is allowed to be placed on the reverse side of the sign 5.37. The sign is installed in places where vehicles can enter. 
End of the bicycle/pedestrian zone
Paid parking
Used to designate a paid parking zone. Both options are acceptable. 
Paid parking
Off-street parking
Used to designate off-street underground or above-ground parking. 
Off-street parking
Parking with a vehicle staging method
Signs are formed by placing on the field of sign 6.4 “Parking (parking space)” elements of signs and other signs of additional information characterizing the specialization of parking, in order to save space and materials. 
Parking with a vehicle staging method
Let us note a new way of placing a vehicle in a “Herringbone” pattern or at an angle to the edge of the roadway. Previously, this method could only be implemented using markup.
Disabled parking 
Parking with a vehicle staging method facilities
Direction of parking
Allowed for installation perpendicular to main road signs, including on building walls and fences. 
Direction of parking
Indication of the number of parking spaces
The number of parking spaces is indicated. Both options are acceptable. 
Indication of the number of parking spaces
Type of vehicle
Extends the sign's effect to excursion buses intended for transporting tourists. The sign in combination with sign 6.4 “Parking (parking space)” is used to highlight specialized parking in tourist-attractive places. 
Type of vehicle
Months
The plate is used to indicate the period of validity of the sign in months for signs whose validity is seasonal. 
Months
Time limit
Limits the maximum permissible parking time. Installed under signs 3.28-3.30. It is allowed to indicate any necessary time. 
Time limit
Width limitation
Indicates the maximum permissible vehicle width. The sign is installed under sign 6.4 “Parking (parking space)” in cases where the width of parking spaces is less than 2.25 m. 
Width limitation
Deaf pedestrians
The plate is used in conjunction with signs 1.22, 5.19.1, 5.19.2 “Pedestrian crossing” in places where people with hearing impairments are likely to appear. 
Deaf pedestrians
Examples of using new road signs
Waffle iron
Dedicated tram lane
1- Dedicated tram lane
Driving in the lane
1 — Driving to the left and in the opposite direction is prohibited for entry into the first two passages
2 - Driving straight and to the left in the first two passages is prohibited.
Start of the strip
1 - Start of left turn lane
Crosswalk
1 — Beginning of the turning lane
2 — Turn lane
3 – Pedestrian crossing
Rebuilding
1 - Changing lanes onto a parallel roadway
Move diagonally
1 – Diagonal pedestrian crossing
2 — Information board for pedestrians
Driving in lanes at two intersections
1 - At the next intersection, turn left and back
2 - At the next intersection, go straight and left
3 - At the next intersection, go straight and turn right
4 - At the next intersection, turn right
Parking and parking
1 – Parking for disabled people
2 – Paid parking
4 – Off-street parking
5 — No parking sign
As for a simple man in the street, at first glance, changes were bound to happen sooner or later. The road situation has changed a lot and, of course, it is necessary to adapt the means of organizing traffic to it.
The most interesting thing is that this standard does not contain the “Waffle Iron” markings and requirements for its use, although amendments to the Traffic Rules have already been adopted and will come into force on January 1, 2018.
Almost every modern driver has experience driving outside the boundaries of his “home” city. Obviously, in this case completely different rules of conduct on the road begin to apply. It’s not that separate traffic rules are used, but some sections of them have been adjusted in connection with high-speed driving conditions. In particular, every motorist knows that within the city limits it is allowed to drive at a speed of no higher than 60 km/h (and even then not in all areas), while outside it on the highway this limit rises to 90. In order to differentiate These two zones use a “Settlement” road sign, which secretly establishes speed limits for movement. Let’s try to understand further what they are like, where they are installed, the coverage area and legal aspects of their use.
Form and general provisions
If you refer to the current Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation, the signs mentioned above can be found in the information and signage category. Their main purpose is to inform drivers, pedestrians and other road users about the location of nearby settlements and other infrastructure facilities. In addition, some of them are used to organize the direction of movement (for example, at intersections, on broadband roads) or its modes (setting priority speed).
A feature of the signs “Beginning of a populated area” is a combination of informational and indicative qualities, which automatically classifies them as an independent group of special instructions. In the new edition of the traffic rules, information signs are divided into two categories - informational and special instructions. In this context, it turns out that they simultaneously perform two functions:
- They inform the driver about the approach to a certain city or town along the direction of the vehicle’s movement or its end.
- Separate speed limits are introduced on designated sections of the road.
The group includes three main signs, each of which is paired (one conventionally indicates the beginning of a settlement, and the second its end):
- the Settlement sign on a white background is numbered in the Traffic Rules as 5.23.1. On the surface of a white rectangular plate you can find the letter name of the city/village itself. It is duplicated by the sign “End of a populated area” (5.24.1), visually repeating the base 5.23.1, but it has a red line that crosses out the name diagonally;
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- sign “Image of a populated area” 5.23.2 and duplicate 5.24.2. It has the same white background and shape as the previous one, but instead of the name of a specific locality, it contains the contours and outlines of several buildings closely located to each other;
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- the “Settlement” sign on a blue background (serial number in traffic rules 5.25) and its duplicate version (5.26), indicating the end of the special traffic regime coverage area, are in form and content a complete analogue of the first group. The main visual difference is that the sign is blue, and the outline border and name of the locality are white.
As for the sizes of these signs, they are fully regulated by the state standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 52290-2004. It standardizes, first of all, the height of the font used to display the name of the locality. It is selected from the approved range from 75 to 500 mm. This range of sizes is due to the fact that in both the old and new editions of the standard there is a gradation of sizes from small (I) to very large (IV). Accordingly, each of the standard sizes is used in suitable road conditions. For example, smaller letters are applicable within the city limits or on its border, while large ones are forced to be used in highway conditions, where the situation needs to be assessed in advance.
In addition, during production, one should take into account the fact that the signs of the first and third groups belong to the category of individual design objects. This is due to the fact that each settlement has a different number of letters in its name, which forces us to make a sign of different lengths (with roughly the same height). At the same time, 5.23.2 and 5.24.2 do not belong to this category and their dimensions in height and length have the same ratio for all four categories.
Why are there so many signs?
Many people who are far from automotive affairs, and even drivers, often have a question: why use as many as six road signs to indicate the beginning and end of populated areas instead of two? The question, of course, is logical on the one hand, but in the legal field everything is not obvious. The fact is that the concept of a populated area from the point of view of the Traffic Rules and the same geography, that is, common sense and logic, which guides the majority of those asking, can be very different.
For example, in administrative-territorial terms, the boundaries of a city and a village are tied to geographic coordinates, a cadastral plan, etc. If we completely simplify this issue, then let’s say that the village ends where the border of the last house, fence or vegetable garden is.
At the same time, the Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation, as well as those of the rest of the world, tie city boundaries to main, regional, and local roads passing directly through or near a populated area. It is this last statement that becomes the reason that in practice as many as three groups of signs are used instead of one, but more on that later.
Signs on white background
Let's consider a situation when a car, moving in a given direction, approaches a city or village along a road that directly crosses it lengthwise from beginning to end, that is, formally crossing the city limits, the car ends up on a section of the road where, by definition, the Rules for the movement of motor vehicles begin to apply in populated areas.
This means the presence of intersections, traffic lights, pedestrian crossings, etc. along the route. Here, of course, you will have to deal with a lot of markings regulating traffic, but the main thing is why a road sign will be installed at the beginning of the city. Settlement on a white background - this is the current maximum maximum limit. speed at 60 km/h. The coverage area of such a sign does not extend, as in most cases, to the section of the road up to the next intersection, but ends exactly where the duplicate sign is located (5.24.1).
Signs on a blue background
If the route passes near a populated area, conditionally not through the center, but away from the main area, then most often a blue sign for the populated area will be installed, and there is no point in limiting the speed from 90 (or 110 for highways) to 60 km/h. It can also be used if the road runs within a city or town. Then an indispensable condition for the operation of highway speed limits should be the presence of bump stops on the roadsides and in the central part separating the directions of vehicle movement. It should also be mentioned that, according to GOST R 52290-2004, if there is a need to install such a sign on a highway, then its background is changed from blue to green.
However, in 2013, a third pair of road signs on a white background were introduced, namely "Dense Development" (5.23.2) and "End Dense Development" (5.24.2). If the first of them is installed after the Settlement road sign on a blue background, then it automatically sets the speed limit to 60 km/h, as in city limits.
international experience
In addition to the fact that motorists have to travel the length and breadth of domestic roads, some of them have the opportunity or need to travel abroad in a personal or corporate car. And here a logical question arises - “are there signs for limiting speed limits in populated areas, like in Russia?” As an example, we can take the experience of the EU country closest to the former USSR - Poland.
According to Polish traffic regulations, only the second group, identical to our dense buildings, affects the speed limit. The first group (green background) simply designates a city or town located in the traffic zone, that is, it performs the same functions as our blue settlement sign.
Roads, highways, avenues, highways in various CIS countries cannot be imagined without road signs. For an experienced driver, this is a completely ordinary thing that he knows, but for a beginner or novice, this is a bunch of different images that can tell him little.
The governments of various CIS countries are steadily adding road signs to prevent possible road accidents. New road signs also help make driving on the roads much easier and safer for drivers.
What groups are road signs divided into?
For general convenience, all road signs were divided into corresponding groups and each of them was given a name according to its purpose. Traffic rules of the Russian Federation distinguishes 8 groups of remote sensing:
- Warning;
- Priority;
- Prohibiting;
- Prescriptive (predictive);
- Particularly prescriptive;
- Informational;
- Service;
- Information signs.
Warning remote sensing
Warning signs - tell the driver of a vehicle that he is approaching an area in which he needs to pay increased attention and take specific measures appropriate to the particular situation. Most warning remote sensing has the shape of a triangle, with a red, bold outline, and inside, in black and white, a danger or situation that awaits the driver ahead is depicted. This alerts the person behind the wheel to the following conditions or situations:
Priority signs
Priority signs are set in order intersections of a specific type of road. Although there are relatively few of them, they are of great importance for drivers. Let's imagine a situation where a driver is driving along the main road, with two more cars driving along the sides, from intermediate ones. Who has more advantages? Of course, the driver who is moving along the main road has the car, and the other two will have to wait their turn. They help determine the type of roadway Priority remote control, they are like this:
Prohibiting remote sensing
Prohibition signs - intended to restrict activities in a specific area, namely movement on a certain type of vehicle. The bulk of such road symbols have a round shape, bordered in red, and inside it shows in black and white what you cannot do in a particular area. Prohibiting DZs do not allow the following:
- Allow any type of vehicle to enter a certain area;
- Drive any type of vehicle;
- Driving on any type of mechanical vehicle;
- Entry by trucks;
- Traveling on motorcycles or bicycles;
- Riding a tractor;
- Traveling with a trailer by car;
- Riding horse-drawn carts;
- Walking pedestrians;
- Exceeding the specified cargo weight, the cargo weight on the vehicle axle;
- Exceeding the specified height or length of the vehicle;
- Exceeding the minimum distance;
- Travel without customs;
- Movement without control;
- Turn left or right;
- Turning the vehicle around;
- Overtaking another vehicle;
- Overtaking trucks;
- Exceeding the specified speed.
- Sound signal;
- Stop, parking;
- Parking on odd or even days of the month;
- Movement of vehicles with dangerous, flammable cargo.
Prescriptive signs introduce or cancel directions, as well as modes of movement. They also can set a specific speed movement and cancel it. Such signs look like blue circles with white symbols inside, which tell the driver what to do and can show the following:
DZ of special regulations
Special regulations signs introduce or prohibit certain types of movement on vehicles. They usually have a square shape, painted blue, and in its center there are special symbols that will help the driver figure out what he needs to do. The traffic rules distinguish the following special regulations:
- The beginning of the motorway;
- End of motorway;
- The beginning of a road intended exclusively for cars and its end;
- The beginning and end of a one-way road;
- Entering a one-way road (the direction is shown on the sign itself);
- The beginning of the reverse movement and its end. Reverse traffic is a zone in which, on certain lanes, the direction of movement can change several times;
- Entering a road with reverse traffic;
- The beginning of a road that is intended for public transport and the end;
- Drive to a road designated for public transport;
- Road for public transport;
- Lane for bicycles only;
- Directions of movement along lanes in different directions;
- Different directions of movement along the lane;
- The beginning of the strip and its end;
- Lane directions;
- Number of lanes;
- Stop for public transport;
- Taxi rank;
- Crosswalk;
- An artificial hump designed to reduce the speed of a vehicle;
- The beginning of the residential area - where there are many people, as a rule, is placed in front of high-rise residential buildings;
- End of the residential area.
- Signs of the beginning and end of a settlement are placed on the outskirts of cities;
- Parking with temporary restrictions;
- The beginning of the regulated parking zone for passenger cars and the end;
- The beginning of the zone with a limited maximum speed (km/h) and the end;
- The beginning of the pedestrian zone.
- End of the pedestrian zone.
Information remote sensing tells the driver about the location of populated areas and other objects, as well as established or recommended driving modes. Such signs are almost always larger than usual, their main color is blue, but the shape is a rectangle or square, and they talk about the following rules:
Remote control of the service
Service signs tell drivers the location of certain objects that may provide specific services person or vehicle. Such signs have a rectangular shape with a blue color. Inside is a white void with symbols indicating in black and white what to expect from this establishment. Service signs inform road users about the location of the following establishments:
- PMP (first aid) point;
- Hospital (the place to go if one of the passengers is seriously injured);
- Gas station (the approximate distance to the destination is indicated under this DS);
- Vehicle technical service;
- Car wash;
- Telephone, in case a person does not have his own;
- Canteen or just a food station;
- Water for drinking;
- Camping, camp;
- Distance to police station;
- Radio station;
- A point where international transport is controlled;
- Beach or pool;
- Toilet (women's, men's);
- A place where you can sit down and relax.
Signs for additional information
Additional information signs are used to clarify or limit the actions of other signs with which they are used. Such DZs, as a rule, do not have a completely new style (black and white), practically without any additional colors. Information signs say the following:
What does a traffic sign number mean?
Each sign has its own number. It is expressed as numbers that are written with a dot. You can take, as an example, the sign number "Area of Operation" - 8.2.1. The first digit 8 means the group number, that is, additional information signs, the second digit 2 is the serial number of the sign in the group, the third digit 1 means the type of sign in the group. Thus, the sign “Area of Action” is the first variety of the second sign, the eighth group.
